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Known examples of interpenetration
Current to 31/10/05 - Now with Selected Pictures!!
Dr. Stuart Batten
School of Chemistry
Monash University 3800
Australia
Ph: +61 3 9905 4606
Fax: +61 3 9905 4597
E-mail: stuart.batten@sci.monash.edu.au
In Review: "Interpenetrating Nets: Ordered, Periodic Entanglement", Stuart R. Batten and Richard Robson, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 1460-1494; Angew. Chem., 1998, 110, 1558-1595. (Or "Catenane and Rotaxane Motifs in Interpenetrating and Self-Penetrating Coordination Polymers", Stuart R. Batten and Richard Robson, in Molecular Catenanes, Rotaxanes and Knots, A Journey Through the World of Molecular Topology, eds. J.-P. Sauvage and C. Dietrich-Buchecker, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999, 77-105.)
If you find this table useful, please cite “Topology of Interpenetration”, CrystEngComm, 2001, 3, 67-73.
http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=10.1039/B102400k
** A number of entries have been added or corrected thanks to the extensive CSD and ICSD database searches contained in the following papers: V.A. Blatov, L. Carlucci and D.M. Proserpio, CrystEngComm, 2004, 6, 377-395; I.A. Baburin, V.A. Blatov, L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, J. Solid State Chem., 2005, 178, 2471-2493.
*** Every effort has been made to ensure this table is both comprehensive and correct, but if you know of any possible omissions or errors (and it is highly likely there will be examples of each), I would greatly appreciate the feedback. Compliments are also accepted! ***
- 1D→1D parallel
- 1D→2D parallel
- 1D→2D inclined
- 1D→3D inclined
- 2D→2D parallel (6,3)
- 2D→2D parallel (4,4)
- 2D→2D parallel (other)
- 2D→3D parallel
- 2D inclined (6,3)
- 2D inclined (4,4)
- 2D inclined with more than 2 stacks
- 2D inclined (other)
- 2D inclined and parallel
- 3D (8,3)
- 3D (8,10)
- 3D (10,3)-a
- 3D (10,3)-b
- 3D (10,3) other
- 3D (12,3)
- 3D 3-connected other
- 3D diamond
- 3D 4-connected other
- 3D 5-connected
- 3D 6-connected α-Po
- 3D 6-connected other
- 3D 8-connected
|
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| Compound |
Notes |
# |
Reference |
| 1D→1D parallel [ top ] |
| (C5Me5)Rh(NC5H4CONH2)3(OTf)2 |
1D chains of alternating rings and rods, held together by H-bonding. Chains entangle in pairs. Further H-bonding may connect all together - each chain further connected to four adjacent strands in this way. |
2 |
C.J. Kuehl, F.M. Tabellion, A.M. Arif and P.J. Stang, Organomet., 2001, 20, 1956-1959. |
| {(HO2CC6H4CH2)(Bu2bipy)Me2Pt}3{tpt}(PF6)3, tpt = tripyridyltriazine |
1D chains of alternating rings and rods, held together by H-bonding. Chains entangle in pairs. |
2 |
C.S.A. Fraser, M.C. Jennings and R.J. Puddephatt, Chem. Commun., 2001, 1310-1. |
| [AdeH](I3)(I2)5/2(H2O), Ade = adenine |
Iodine chains with alternating rings and rods. |
2 |
Z. Wang, Y. Cheng, C. Liao and C. Yan, CrystEngComm, 2001, 50, 1-6. |
| [Zn2(bib)2(OAc)4].2H2O, bib = 1-bromo-3,5-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene |
Chains of alternating rings and rods, the later defined by Br...Br contacts. |
2 |
J. Fan, W.-Y. Sun, T. Okamura, Y.-Q. Zheng, B. Sui, W.-X. Tang and N. Ueyama, Cryst. Growth Des., 2004, 4, 579-584. |
| (NH4)1.5[1,3,5-C6H3(CH2COOH)1.5(CH2COO)1.5] |
H-bonded nets. 2 ladders interpenetrating with inclined mean planes but a coincident direction of propagation; NH4+ counterions may bridge ladders. |
2 |
H.-F. Zhu, J. Fan, T. Okamura, W.-Y. Sun and N. Ueyama, Chem. Lett., 2002, 898-899. |
| 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol / 4,4'-trimethylenedipyridine (1/1) |
H-bonded nets. |
2 |
G. Ferguson, C. Glidewell, R.M. Gregson and E.S. Lavender, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1999, 55, 573-590.G. Ferguson, C. Glidewell, R.M. Gregson and E.S. Lavender, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1999, 55, 573-590. |
| 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol / 4,4'-trimethylenedipyridine (1/1) |
H-bonded nets. |
2 |
G. Ferguson, C. Glidewell, R.M. Gregson and E.S. Lavender, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1999, 55, 573-590. |
| 1D → 2D parallel [ top ] |
| [Cu2(MeCN)2L3](X)2.solv, L = 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiyne, X = PF6, BF4 |
Undulating 1D ladders which lie parallel; each ladder is penetrated by four others. 2D sheets formed. |
5 |
A.J. Blake, N.R. Champness, A. Khlobystov, D.A. Lemenovskii, W.-S. Li and M. Schroder, Chem. Commun., 1997, 2027-2028; M. Maekawa, H. Konaka, Y. Suenaga, T. Kuroda-Sowa and M. Munakata, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 4160-4166. |
| 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol / pyrazine (2/1) |
Ladders held together by O-H...O=S and O-H...N H-bonding. Each ladder is penetrated by two others (parallel), giving an overall 2D sheet. Linked by C-H...O H-bonds into 3D net.
|
3 |
G. Ferguson, C. Glidewell, R.M. Gregson and E.S. Lavender, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1999, 55, 573-590. |
| Zn2(bix)3(SO4)2, bix = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene |
1D nets contains alternating rings and rods. Each chain entangles with two others (one either side), with each ring containing one rod from another net. Only rotaxane-like interactions. |
2 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 37-39. |
| Ni2(oba)2(bpy)2(H2O)2.bpy, oba = 4,4'-oxybis(benzoate), bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine |
1D tubular nets, each interpenetrating with 2 neighbours. |
3 |
X.-L. Wang, C. Qin, E.-B. Wang, Y.-G. Li, Z.-M. Su, L. Xu and L. Carlucci, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2005, 44, 5824-5827. |
| 1D → 2D inclined [ top ] |
| Ag2(bix)3(NO3)2, bix = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene |
1D chains interpenetrating to give a 2D square sheet. Only rotaxane-like interactions formed, with each ring of each net containing a rod of another net. |
2?• |
B.F. Hoskins, R. Robson and D.A. Slizys, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 2952-3. |
| Cd2(bix)3(SO4)2, bix = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene |
Similar to Ag2(bix)3(NO3)2 structure, except nets crosslinked by SO4 bridges to give a single, self-penetrating net. |
2? |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 37-39. |
| Ca{5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-carboxylate)phenylporphyrin} |
1D chains interpenetrating to give 2D layers. Only rotaxane-like interactions formed, with each ring of each net containing a nodes of another net. |
2 |
M.E. Kosal, J.H. Chou and K.S. Suslick, J. Porph. Phthal., 2002, 6, 377. |
| M(IIMB)2(H2O)(SO4).xH2O and Cu(IIMB)2(SO4).8.5H2O, M = Co, Cd, Mn, IIMB = 1-(1-imidazolyl)-4-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene |
Catenane interactions formed. |
2 |
H.-F. Zhu, W. Zhao, T. Okamura, J. Fan, W.-Y. Sun and N. Ueyama, New J. Chem., 2004, 28, 1010-1018; H.F. Zhu, J. Fan, T. Okamura, W.-Y. Sun and N. Ueyama, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 289-294. |
| 1D → 3D inclined [ top ] |
| [Cd(L)1.5](NO3)2, L = NC5H4-CH2-C6H4-CH2-C5H4N |
Interpenetrating 1D polymers - molecular ladders. 3D struct.
|
5• |
M. Fujita, Y.J. Kwon, O. Sasaki, K. Yamaguchi and K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 7287; M. Fujita, O. Sasaki, K.-Y. Watanabe, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, New J. Chem., 1998, 22, 189-191. |
| M2(bpethy)3(NO3)4, M = Zn or Co, bpethy = 1,2-bis (4-pyridyl)ethyne (and Co2(bpethe)3(NO3)4, bpethe = 1,2-(4-pyridyl)ethene) |
Ladders where the interpenetrating ladders are inclined, and each square penetrated by two other ladders. bpethe structure not fully reported - poor data. |
3 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1999, 1799-1804; Y.-B. Dong, R.C. Layland, N.G. Pschirer, M.D. Smith, U.H.F. Bunz and H.-C. zur Loye, Chem. Mater., 1999, 11, 1413-1415 (M = Co). |
| [Cd(NO3)2L1.5], L = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne |
Ladders - claim are interpenetrating ladders, but no diags (or detailed description) of intptn!!! Cell, however, is isomorphous with M = Zn, Co described above. |
3 |
Y.-B. Dong, R.C. Layland, M.D. Smith, N. G. Pschirer, U.H.F. Bunz and H.-C. zur Loye, Inorg. Chem., 1999, 38, 3056-3060. |
| Cu2(ip)(bipy).3.5H2O, ip = isophthalate, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine |
Ladders. |
3 |
J. Tao, X. Yin, R. Huang and L. Zheng, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2002, 5, 1000-1002. |
| Cd2(nbpy4)3(NO3)4, nbpy4 = N,N'-bis-(4-pyridinylmethylene)-1,5-naphthalenediamine |
Ladders. |
5 |
C.-Y. Su, A.M. Goforth, M.D. Smith and H.-C. zur Loye, Chem. Commun., 2004, 2158-2159. |
| CoL1.5(NO3)2, L = 1,4-bis[(4-pyridyl)ethynyl]benzene |
Ladders. |
3 |
M.B. Zaman, K. Udachin, J.A. Ripmeester, M.D. Smith and H.-C. zur Loye, Inorg. Chem., 2005, 44, 5047-5059. |
| 2d → 2d parallel (6,3) [ top ] |
| Ag(tcm) and Ag(tcm)(MeCN) |
|
2• |
J. Konnert and D. Britton, Inorg. Chem., 1966, 5, 1193; S.R. Batten, B.F. Hoskins and R. Robson, New J. Chem., 1998, 22, 173-175; B.F. Abrahams, S.R. Batten, B.F. Hoskins and R. Robson, Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42, 2654-2664. |
| (1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane).
(hexamethylenetetramine) |
H-bonded; analogous to Agtcm, except nets are cross-linked through C-H...O bonds. |
2• |
P.I. Coupar, G. Ferguson, C. Glidewell and P.R. Meehan, Acta Crystallogr., Sect C, 1997, 53, 1978-1980. |
| Sr13Mg2Si20 |
Contains interpenetrating Si2030- sheets with Agtcm-like interpenetration. |
2 |
A. Currao and R. Nesper, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 841-843; Angew. Chem., 1998, 110, 843-845. |
| θ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)[N(CN)2]2 |
|
2• |
G. Saito, H. Yamochi, T. Nakamura, T. Komatsu, N. Matsukawa, T. Inoue, H. Ito, T. Ishiguro, M. Kusunoki, K. Sakaguchi and T. Mori, Synth. Met., 1993, 55-57, 2883; T. Komatsu, H. Sato, N. Matsukawa, T. Nakamura, H. Yamochi, G. Saito, M. Kusunoki, K. Sakaguchi and S. Kagoshima, Synth. Met., 1995, 70, 779-80; T. Komatsu, H. Sato, T. Nakamura, N. Matsukawa, H. Yamochi, G. Saito, M. Kusunoki, K. Sakaguchi and S. Kagoshima, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1995, 68, 2233. |
| Ag(CH3COCH2C(CN)2C(CN)2) |
Very similar to Agtcm. |
2• |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani, D.M. Proserpio and A. Sironi, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 35, 1088. |
| TMA.3/2bipy, TMA = trimesic acid |
|
3• |
C.V.K. Sharma and M.J. Zaworotko, Chem. Commun., 1996, 2655. |
| C6H4(OC6H3(COOH)2)2 |
H-bonded. |
3• |
A. Zafar, J. Yang, S.J. Geib and A.D. Hamilton, Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 2327. |
| [Cd(L)1.5](NO3)2, L = NC5H4-CH2-C6F4-CH2-C5H4N |
|
3• |
M. Fujita, Y.J. Kwon, O. Sasaki, K. Yamaguchi and K. Ogura, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 7287. |
| ((HO)2C6H3-C14H8-C6H3(OH)2).2(1,4-benzoquinone) |
H-bonded net. |
3• |
Y. Aoyama, K. Endo, T. Anzai, Y. Yamaguchi, T. Sawaki, K. Kobayashi, N. Kanehisa, H. Hashimoto, Y. Kai and H. Masuda, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 5562. |
| Ag(TEB)(CF3SO3), TEB = 1,3,5-tris(4-ethynylbenzonitrile) benzene |
A polymorph of another structure. |
6• |
D. Venkataraman, S. Lee, J.S. Moore, P. Zhang, K.A. Hirsch, G.B. Gardner, A.C. Covey and C.L. Prentice, Chem. Mater., 1996, 8, 2030-2040. |
| Zn(bix)2(NO3)2.4.5H2O, bix = bis(imidazole)xylene |
2D polyrotaxane-like interpenetration. |
2• |
B.F. Hoskins, R. Robson, and D.A. Slizys, Angew. Chem., 1997, 109, 2430-2432; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1997, 36, 2336-2338. |
| 2,2'-diamino-5,5'-{[4-(tert-butyl)cyclohexylidene] methylene} dipyrimidine |
H-bonded nets. (6,3) - where one of in three links is covalent - else could be (4,4). |
2 |
M.J. Krische, J.-M. Lehn, N. Kyritsakas and J. Fischer, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1998, 81, 1909-1920. |
| RPI4, R = i-Pr, Me, Ph |
Nets held together by I...I contacts between RPI3+ and I- nodes. |
2 |
W.-W. du Mont, V. Stenzel, J. Jeske, P.G. Jones, A. Sebald, S. Pohl, W. Saak and M. Batcher, Inorg. Chem., 1994, 33, 1502-1505; W.-W. du Mont and F. Ruthe, Coord. Chem. Rev., 1999, 189, 101-133. |
| (CuCN)2(butda), butda = 1,4-butanediamine |
Agtcm-like interpenetration. Short Cu2(CN)2 interactions between layers. |
3 |
F.B. Stocker, T.P. Staeva, C.M. Rienstra and D. Britton, Inorg. Chem., 1999, 38, 984-991. |
| M2(bpethy)3(NO3)4.S, M = Cd (S = CH2Cl2), Co (S = MeOH), Cd2(azpy)3(NO3)4, bpethy = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethyne, azpy = trans-4,4'-azobis(pyridine) |
Tiled-pattern (6,3), with T-shaped nodes. |
3 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1999, 1799-1804; Y.-B. Dong, R.C. Layland, N.G. Pschirer, M.D. Smith, U.H.F. Bunz and H.-C. zur Loye, Chem. Mater., 1999, 11, 1413-1415 (M = Co). |
| M2(apy)3(NO3)4.CH2Cl2.xH2O, M = Co (x=0), Cd (x=2), apy = trans-4,4'-azobis(pyridine) |
Herringbone grids. |
3 |
M.A. Withersby, A.J. Blake, N.R. Champness, P.A. Cooke, P. Hubberstey and M. Schroder, New J. Chem., 1999, 23, 573-575; M.A. Withersby, A.J. Blake, N.R. Champness, P.A. Cooke, P. Hubberstey, A.L. Realf, S.J. Teat and M. Schroder, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 3261-3268. |
| 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane / 1,10-phen / methanol (1/1/1) |
Pendant phen. H-bonded. |
2 |
G. Ferguson, C. Glidewell and E.S. Lavender Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1999, 55, 591-600. |
| Cd2(NO3)4(Py2C5H10)3(H2O), Py2C5H10 = 1,5-bis(4-pyridyl) pentane |
|
3 |
M.J. Plater, M.R.St.J. Foreman, T. Gelbrich, S.J. Coles and M.B. Hursthouse, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 3065-3073. |
| Cd2(azpy)3(NO3)4•2Me2CO, azpy = 4,4'-azopyridine |
|
3 |
M. Kondo, M. Shimamura, S. Noro, S. Minakoshi, A. Asami, K. Seki and S. Kitagawa, Chem. Mater., 2000, 12, 1288-1299. |
| Cu(1,2-ethanediamine)2(I3)2 |
Nets partially defined by I…I contacts.
|
|
C. Wieczorrek, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 2000, 56, 1085-1087. |
| Cd4L6(NO3)8, L = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane |
|
4 |
C.V.K. Sharma, R.J. Diaz, A.J. Hessheimer and A. Clearfield, Cryst. Eng., 2000, 3, 201-208. |
| (H2bipy)2[Ni(NCS)4(H2O)2](NO3)2 |
H-bonded nets with NO3- nodes. |
3 |
H-J. Chen, M-L. Tong and X-M. Chen, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2001, 4, 76-78. |
| [{(2,2'-bipy)Cu(bpethe)}2Cl] (BF4)3.2.5H2O.CH2Cl2, bpethe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene |
|
2 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani, D.M. Proserpio and S. Rizzato, Chem. Commun., 2001, 1198-1199. |
| Cu(tmeda)[Au(CN)2]1.5(ClO4)0.5 |
Interpenetration of the 'Borromean' type (L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, CrystEngComm, 2003, 5, 269; Coord. Chem. Rev., 2003, 246, 247). Nets crosslinked by Au...Au interactions. |
3 |
D.B. Leznoff, B.-Y. Xue, R.J. Batchelor, F.W.B. Einstein and B.O. Patrick, Inorg. Chem., 2001, 40, 6026-6034. |
| [Ag3L4](NO3)3.H2O, L = bis(4-pyridyl)dimethylsilane |
2- and 3-coordinate Ag. |
2 |
O.-S. Jung, Y.J. Kim, K.M. Kim and Y.-A Lee, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124, 7906-7. |
| TbL(NO3)3, L = 4,4'-bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide |
One of the links is defined by (+N-O-)(-O-N+) electrostatic interactions.
|
3 |
D.-L. Long, A.J. Blake, N.R. Champness, C. Wilson and M. Schroder, Chem. Eur. J., 2002, 8, 2026-2033. |
| Cu2{(iPr2SiOCH2py)2O}3Br4 |
|
2 |
D.M.L. Goodgame, P.D. Lickiss, S.J. Rooke, A.J.P. White and D.J. Williams, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2001, 324, 218-231. |
| LnL1.5(NO3)3.H2O, Ln = Er, Yb, L = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane-N,N'-dioxide |
|
3 |
W.-J. Lu, L.-P. Zhang, H.-B. Song, Q.-M. Wang and T.C.W. Mak, New J. Chem., 2002, 26, 775-781. |
| CTA.bipy.H2O, CTA = 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine |
H-bonded nets. |
3 |
B.R. Bhogala, P. Vishweshwar and A. Nangia, Cryst. Growth Des., 2002, 2, 325-328. |
| [Ni(C10H24N4)]3[C33H15O6]2.6C5H5N.4H2O |
Interpenetration of the 'Borromean' type (L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, CrystEngComm, 2003, 5, 269; Coord. Chem. Rev., 2003, 246, 247). |
3 |
M.P. Suh, H.J. Choi, S.M. So and B.M. Kim, Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42, 676-678. |
| Cu(en)Cu(CN)2Ag(CN)2, en = ethylenediamine |
Weak Cu(I)...Ag(I) interactions crosslink sheets. |
2 |
C.J. Shorrock, B.-Y. Xue, P.B. Kim, R.J. Batchelor, B.O. Patrick and D.B. Leznoff, Inorg. Chem., 2002, 41, 6743-6753. |
| [K(K.2.2.2)]I(I(CF2)8I)1.5, K.2.2.2 = 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8,8,8]-hexacosane |
I- nodes; nets defined by I-...I interactions. Unusual mode of interpenetration whereby any two sheets in a layer are not interpenetrating, and it is only the addition of the third which causes the entanglement of all three. Interpenetration of the 'Borromean' type (L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, CrystEngComm, 2003, 5, 269; Coord. Chem. Rev., 2003, 246, 247). |
3 |
R. Liantonio, P. Metrangolo, T. Pilati and G. Resnati, Cryst. Growth Des., 2003, 3, 355-361. |
| H3CTA.(bpe-eta)1.5, H3CTA.bipy.0.5bipy-eta. H3CTA.bipy-ete.0.5bipy-eta, H3CTA = cis, cis-1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, bpe-eta = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, bpe-ete = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine |
H-bonded nets. |
3 |
B.R. Bhogala and A. Nangia, Cryst. Growth Des., 2003, 3, 547-554; B.R. Bhogala, S. Basavoju and A. Nangia, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 1683-1686. |
| Ag4(Me4bpz)5(NO3)4.2H2O, Me4bpz = 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-bipyrazole |
Unusual interpenetration topology. |
4 |
K.V. Domasevitch, I. Boldog, E.B. Rusanov, J. Hunger, S. Blaurock, M. Schroder and J. Sieler, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 2005, 631, 1095-1100. |
| 1,4-di[bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]benzene .dioxane |
H-bonded nets. |
2 |
S. Aitipamula and A. Nangia, Supramol. Chem., 2005, 17, 17-25. |
| Zn2(bdc)2(bipy)(EtOH)(H2O)2 .EtOH.0.5H2O, H2bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine |
|
2 |
L. Xu, G.-C. Guo, B. Liu, M.-S. Wang and J.-S. Huang, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2004, 7, 1145-1149. |
| [M2(OH)6(Bpybc)3] (OH)4.15H2O, M = Mn, Ni, Co, H2BpybcCl2 = 1,1'-bis(4-carboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride |
Although paper says they're not interpenetrating, it's actually Borromean interpenetration. |
3 |
Y.-Q. Sun, J. Zhang, Z.-F. Ju and G.-Y. Yang, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 1939-1943. |
| Ag2L3(BF4)2, L = 1,4-bis(2-methylimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene |
Borromean interpenetration. |
3 |
L. Dobrzanska, H.G. Raubenheimer and L.J. Barbour, Chem. Commun., 2005, 5050-5052. |
| Cs6[Ag11(CN)16] [Ag(CN)2] .2MeCN |
Layers held together by some of the Cs ions. |
3 |
V. Urban, T. Pretsch and H. Hartl, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, 2005, 44, 2794-2797. |
| 2D → 2D parallel (4,4) [ top ] |
| [Re(CO)3(μ3-OH)]4.2bipy.2MeOH |
H-bonding between tetrahedral clusters. |
2• |
S.B. Copp, S. Subramanian and M.J. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1993, 32, 706. |
| [trans-Cd(4-Mepy)2{Ag(CN)2}2].(4-Mepy) (Mepy = 4-picoline) |
|
2• |
T. Soma and T. Iwamoto, Chem. Lett., 1994, 821. |
| SO2(4-C6H4OH)2 |
H-bonded. |
2• |
C. Glidewell and G. Ferguson, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 1996, 52, 2528-2530; C. Davies, R.F. Langler, C.V.K. Sharma and M.J. Zaworotko, Chem. Commun., 1997, 567. |
| Cu(tcm)(bipy) |
|
2• |
S.R. Batten, B.F. Hoskins and R. Robson, Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 156-161. |
| [Mn(p-XBP4)3](ClO4)2, p-XBP4 = N,N'-p-phenylene dimethylenebis (pyridin-4-one) |
Every second link is a double bridge, through which the second sheet interpenetrates in rotoxane-like interactions. Thus the interpenetration occurs through links, and thus in explaining the interpenetration the net is probably better described in terms of a 2D 6-connected net. |
2• |
D.M.L. Goodgame, S. Menzer, A.M. Smith and D.J. Williams, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 574. |
| Ag(3,3'-DCPA)2XF6, X = P, As, Sb, 3,3'-DCPA = 3,3'-dicyanodiphenylacetylene |
2D (4,4) parallel interpenetration. |
2• |
K.A. Hirsch, S.R. Wilson and J.S. Moore, Inorg. Chem., 1997, 36, 2960-2968. |
| Co(4,4'-dipyridyl sulfide)2Cl2 |
|
2• |
O.-S. Jung, S.H. Park, D.C. Kim and K.M. Kim, Inorg. Chem., 1998, 37, 610-611. |
| CdL2, HL = 3-[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzoate |
|
3 |
W. Lin, O.R. Evans, R.-G. Xiong and Z. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 13272-3; O.R. Evans and W. Lin, Chem. Mater., 2001, 13, 3009-17. |
| MnL2(EtOH)2Br2, L = 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-bis(4-pyridylsulfenyl)benzene |
Nodes linked by L which coords at one end and H-bonds to EtOH at other. Of 'over 2-under 2' type. |
3 |
D.M.L. Goodgame, D.A. Grachvogel, S. Holland, N.J. Long, A.J.P. White and D.J. Williams, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1999, 3473-3482. |
| [Hbipy][Ln(NO3)4(H2O)2(bipy)], Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd |
H-bonded sheets. In La example (and probably the others), there is further H-bonding b/w sheets to give (presumably) two α-Po like nets. |
2 |
M. Bukowska-Strzyzewska and A. Tosik, Roczniki Chem., 1977, 51, 193-5; M. Bukowska-Strzyzewska and A. Tosik, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1978, 30, 189-96; K. Al-Rasoul and T.J.R. Weakley, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1982, 60, 191-6; C.V.K. Sharma and R.D. Rogers, Chem. Commun., 1999, 83-4. |
| α-Cu(dca)(bpe) |
|
2 |
S.R. Batten, A.R. Harris, P. Jensen, K.S. Murray and A. Ziebell, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 3829-3836. |
| Dabco / 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid (1/1) |
H-bonded nets. |
3 |
C.J. Burchell, G. Ferguson, A.J. Lough and C. Glidewell, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 2000, 56, 1126-1128. |
| Cd2(NO3)4(Py2C3H6)4(H2O), Py2C3H6 = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl) propane |
|
2 |
M.J. Plater, M.R.St.J. Foreman, T. Gelbrich, S.J. Coles and M.B. Hursthouse, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 3065-3073. |
| K2Co(C4H4O4)2 |
Two (4,4) nets formed by Co bridged by succinate ligands. K cations, however, cross-link the two nets into one via oxygens. |
2 |
C. Livage, C. Egger and G. Ferey, Chem. Mater., 2001, 13, 410-414. |
| Ag(dps)2X, dps = 4,4'-dipyridylsulfide, X = PF6, CF3SO3 |
|
2 |
Z. Ni and J.J. Vittal, Cryst. Growth Design, 2001, 1, 195-7. |
| CoL2(NCS)2.1/3H2O, L = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane |
|
2 |
Y-B. Dong, M.D. Smith and H-C. zur Loye, J. Solid State Chem., 2000, 155, 143-153. |
| MnL2(NCS)2, L = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane |
|
2 |
M.J. Plater, M.R.St.J. Foreman, R.A. Howie and J.M.S. Skakle, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2000, 318, 175-180. |
| ML2(N3)2 (M = Mn, Fe) and MnL2(NCS)2.0.25H2O, L = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane |
|
2 |
H. Hou, Y. Wei, Y. Song, Y. Zhu, L. Li and Y. Fan, J. Mater. Chem., 2002, 12, 838-843; S. Konar, E. Zangrando, M.G.B. Drew, T. Mallah, J. Ribas and N.R. Chaudhuri, Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42, 5966-5973. |
| M(bipy)(azpy)2(NCS)2.H2O, M = Mn, Co, azpy = 4,4'-azobispyridine |
Very unusual mode of interpenetration involving triple helicies. H-bonded nets. |
3 |
B. Li, G. Yin, H. Cao, Y. Liu and Z. Xu, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2001, 4, 451-3; B. Li, H. Liu, Y. Xu, J. Chen and Z. Xu, Chem. Lett., 2001, 902-3. |
| Zn4{3-[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzoato}8 .{3-[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzoic acid}.H2O |
Unusual structure in which there are three layers of sheets - two are single sheets, but the third contains two parallel interpenetrating (4,4) sheets. |
2 |
O.R. Evans and W. Lin, Chem. Mater., 2001, 13, 3009-13. |
| Zn{5-[2-(3-pyridyl)ethenyl]thiophene-2-carboxylate}2 |
|
2 |
O.R. Evans and W. Lin, Chem. Mater., 2001, 13, 3009-13. |
| [Zn2.5L4OH].5H2O, L = 3-{[4-(4-pyridylethenyl)phenyl]ethenyl} benzoate |
|
2 |
P. Ayyappan, O.R. Evans and W. Lin, Inorg. Chem., 2002, 41, 3328-3330. |
| Ag(bpp)2(NO3), bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane |
|
2 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani, D.M. Proserpio and S. Rizzato, CrystEngComm, 2002, 4(22), 121-129. |
| Ag(bpp)2(XF6), bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane, X = P, As |
Stacking alternated between single (4,4) sheets and 2-fold interpenetrated (4,4) sheets!! |
2 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani, D.M. Proserpio and S. Rizzato, CrystEngComm, 2002, 4(22), 121-129. |
| Camphoric acid / hexamethylenetetramine (2/1) |
H-bonded nets. |
2 |
C.M. Zakaria, G. Ferguson, A.J. Lough and C. Glidewell, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 2003, 59, 118-131. |
| 1,1'-biphenyl-2,2',5,5'-tetracarboxylic acid / 2,7-diazapyrene (1/2) |
H-bonded nets; unusual interpenetration mode. |
3 |
P. Holy, P. Sehnal, M. Tichy, J. Zavada and I. Cisarova, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2003, 14, 245-253. |
| Ag(NC-(CH2)5-CN)2X, X = SbF6, CF3SO3 |
|
3 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani, D.M. Proserpio and S. Rizzato, CrystEngComm, 2002, 4, 413-425. |
| CoL2(NCS)2, L = 2,5-bis(4-pyridylethynyl)thiophene |
|
5 |
S.U. Son, B.Y. Kim, C.H. Choi, S.W. Lee, Y.S. Kim and Y.K. Chung, Chem. Commun., 2003, 2528-2529. |
| [CuL2(ClO4)]ClO4, L = 1,2-bis(4-pyridinecarboxamido)ethane |
|
3 |
C.-H. Ge, X.-D. Zhang, P. Zhang, W. Guan, F. Guo and Q.-T. Liu, Polyhedron, 2003, 22, 3493-3497. |
| ZnL2(terephthalate).0.5H2O, L = SC(NHMe)2 |
Chains crosslinked by H-bonds to give (4,4) sheets. |
2 |
N.J. Burke, A.D. Burrows, A.S. Donovan, R.W. Harrington, M.F. Mahon and C.E. Price, Dalton Trans., 2003, 3840-3849. |
| Imidazolium hydrogen malonate |
H-bonded sheets including disordered water cluster. |
2 |
D.R. Trivedi, A. Ballabh and P. Dastidar, CrystEngComm, 2003, 5, 358-367. |
| CoL2Cl2.CHCl3.3H2O, L = (C6H4-C6H4)C(C6H4OC(O)C5NH4)2 |
|
2 |
P. Grosshans, A. Jouaiti, N. Kardouh, M.W. Hosseini and N. Kyritsakas, New J. Chem., 2003, 27, 1806-1810. |
| Mn(dca)2(biim), dca = dicyanamide, biim = 2,2'-biimidazole |
1D coordination polymer chains crosslinked by H-bonds. |
2 |
D. Ghoshal, A.K. Ghosh, J. Ribas, E. Zangrando, G. Mostafa, T.K. Maji and N.R. Chaudhuri, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 941-947. |
| ZnL2.1.5H2O, L = trans-2,3-dihydro-2-(4''-cyanophenyl)-benzo[e]indole |
|
2 |
Q. Ye, Y.-H. Li, Y.-M. Song, X.-F. Huang, R.-G. Xiong and Z. Xue, Inorg. Chem., 2005, 44, 3618-3625. |
| Cu4I4L2, L = (3-py)CONHCH2CH2NHCO(3-py) |
Cu4I4 nodes. |
2 |
M. Sarkar and K. Biradha, Chem. Commun., 2005, 2229-2231. |
| CuL2SO4.8H2O, L = 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole) |
|
2 |
J.-F. Ma, J. Yang, G.-L. Zheng, L. Li, Y.-M. Zhang, F.-F. Li and J.-F. Liu, Polyhedron, 2004, 23, 553-559. |
| Co(SCN)2(dpp)2, dpp = 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane |
|
2 |
C. Merz, M. Desciak, C. O'Brien, R.L. LaDuca, R.C. Finn, R.S. Rarig and J.A. Zubieta, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2004, 357, 3331-3335. |
| [Ag(C25H20N2O2)2]SbF6 |
|
2 |
Y.-B. Dong, P. Wang, R.-Q. Huang and M.D. Smith, Inorg. Chem., 2004, 43, 4727-4739. |
| Bis(4-Nitrophenyl)diphenylmethane |
Nets defined by C-H...O interactions; but similar interactions connect the nets in 3D. |
2 |
S. Basavoju, S. Aitipamula and G.R. Desiraju, CrystEngComm, 2004, 6, 120-125. |
| 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole.EtOH |
H-bonded nets with dimeric nodes. |
2 |
C. Glidewell, J.N. Low, J.M.S. Skakle and J.L. Wardell, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 2004, 60, o15-o18. |
| Cd(tp)(bpp), tp = terephthalate, bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane |
|
2 |
J.C. Dai, X.-T. Wu, S.-M. Hu, Z.-Y. Fu, J.-J. Zhang, W.-X. Du, H.-H. Zhang and R.-Q. Sun, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2004, 2096-2106. |
| BNA.2HCl, BNA = 4,4'-bipyridine-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid |
H-bonded nets. |
2 |
R. Custelcean and M.G. Gorbunova, CrystEngComm, 2005, 7, 297-301. |
| Tetrakis(nicotinoxymethyl) methane |
H-bonded nets. New interpenetration topology? |
3 |
K.I. Nattinen, P.E.N. de Bairos, P.J. Seppala and K.T. Rissanen, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2005, 2819-2825. |
| Zn2(OH)(4-ptz)3, 4-ptz = 5-(4-pyridyl)tetrazolate |
|
2 |
C. Jiang, Z. Yu, S. Wang, C. Jiao, J. Li, Z. Wang and Y. Cui, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2004, 3662-3667. |
| Piracetam / gentisic acid (1/1) |
H-bonded nets. |
2 |
P. Vishweshwar, J.A. McMahon, M.L. Peterson, M.B. Mickey, T.R. Shattock and M.J. Zaworotko, Chem. Commun., 2005, 4601-4603. |
| Piracetam / p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1/1) |
H-bonded nets. |
3 |
P. Vishweshwar, J.A. McMahon, M.L. Peterson, M.B. Mickey, T.R. Shattock and M.J. Zaworotko, Chem. Commun., 2005, 4601-4603. |
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