|
|
|
|
|
Known examples of interpenetration
Current to 31/10/05 - Now with Selected Pictures!!
Dr. Stuart Batten
School of Chemistry
Monash University 3800
Australia
Ph: +61 3 9905 4606
Fax: +61 3 9905 4597
E-mail: stuart.batten@sci.monash.edu.au
In Review: "Interpenetrating Nets: Ordered, Periodic Entanglement", Stuart R. Batten and Richard Robson, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 1460-1494; Angew. Chem., 1998, 110, 1558-1595. (Or "Catenane and Rotaxane Motifs in Interpenetrating and Self-Penetrating Coordination Polymers", Stuart R. Batten and Richard Robson, in Molecular Catenanes, Rotaxanes and Knots, A Journey Through the World of Molecular Topology, eds. J.-P. Sauvage and C. Dietrich-Buchecker, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999, 77-105.)
If you find this table useful, please cite “Topology of Interpenetration”, CrystEngComm, 2001, 3, 67-73.
http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=10.1039/B102400k
** A number of entries have been added or corrected thanks to the extensive CSD and ICSD database searches contained in the following papers: V.A. Blatov, L. Carlucci and D.M. Proserpio, CrystEngComm, 2004, 6, 377-395; I.A. Baburin, V.A. Blatov, L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, J. Solid State Chem., 2005, 178, 2471-2493.
*** Every effort has been made to ensure this table is both comprehensive and correct, but if you know of any possible omissions or errors (and it is highly likely there will be examples of each), I would greatly appreciate the feedback. Compliments are also accepted! ***
- 1D→1D parallel
- 1D→2D parallel
- 1D→2D inclined
- 1D→3D inclined
- 2D→2D parallel (6,3)
- 2D→2D parallel (4,4)
- 2D→2D parallel (other)
- 2D→3D parallel
- 2D inclined (6,3)
- 2D inclined (4,4)
- 2D inclined with more than 2 stacks
- 2D inclined (other)
- 2D inclined and parallel
- 3D (8,3)
- 3D (8,10)
- 3D (10,3)-a
- 3D (10,3)-b
- 3D (10,3) other
- 3D (12,3)
- 3D 3-connected other
- 3D diamond
- 3D 4-connected other
- 3D 5-connected
- 3D 6-connected α-Po
- 3D 6-connected other
- 3D 8-connected
|
|
|
| Compound |
Notes |
# |
Reference |
| 2D → 2D parallel (other) [ top ] |
| Hittorf’s phosphorus |
(8,3) sheets. |
2• |
V.H. Thurn and H. Krebs, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1969, 25, 125. |
| [Pr(ntb)2](ClO4)3.2bipy.1.5H2O, ntb = tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine |
Complicated 4-conn. nets (with 3D character) generated by H-bonding between [Pr(ntb)2]3+ and bipy's. |
2 |
C.-Y. Su, B.-S. Kang, H.-Q. Liu, Q.-G. Wang and T.C.W. Mak, Chem. Commun., 1998, 1551-2. |
| Cd2(NO3)4(dpt)2(MeCN), dpt = 2,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5 -triazine |
Three-connected 4.82 nets; bridging dpt and NO3- ligands.
|
2 |
S.A. Barnett, A.J. Blake, N.R. Champness, J.E.B. Nicolson and C. Wilson, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2001, 567-573. |
| Zn(bdc)(bpeta).xA, bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate, bpeta = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, A = benzene, nitrobenzene, toluene, benzaldehyde, dioxane |
(4,4) coordination net interpenetrated by two (6,3) non-covalent nets of guest molecules. |
3 |
S.A. Bourne, J. Lu, B. Moulton and M.J. Zaworotko, Chem. Commun., 2001, 861-2. |
| Pd(Him)2(im)2, Him = imidazole |
H-bonded nets. |
4 |
N. Masciocchi, G.A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, S. Galli and A. Sironi, Inorg. Chem., 2001, 40, 6983-6989. |
| [(ZnL).3X].13S, ZnL = [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrinato]zinc, X = N,N'-bis(4-pyridylmethylidyne)hydrazine, S = nitrobenzene |
Both H-bonding and coordinative bonding; unusual topology of both nets and interpenetration.
|
2 |
Y. Diskin-Posner, G.K. Patra and I. Goldberg, Chem. Commun., 2002, 1420-1421; Y. Diskin-Posner, G.K. Patra and I. Goldberg, CrystEngComm, 2002, 4, 296-301. |
| [Pb(timpt)(NO3)2].(Et2O)0.417.(H2O)0.167, timpt = 2,4,6-tris[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine |
4.82 nets. |
3 |
S.-Y. Wan, J. Fan, T. Okamura, H.-F. Zhu, X.-M. Ouyang, W.-Y. Sun and N. Ueyama, Chem. Commun., 2002, 2520-2521. |
| AgLClO4, L = 1,3-bis(1-imidazolyl)-5-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene |
4.82 nets. |
2 |
J. Fan, W.-Y. Sun, T. Okamura, W.-X. Tang and N. Ueyama, Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42, 3168-3175. |
| Cu3Fe(CN)5(bipy)2, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine |
4.82 nets. |
2 |
X. He, C.-Z. Lu, D.-Q. Yuan, S.-M. Chen and J.-T. Chen, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2005, 2181-2188. |
| Pb(pyta)2, pyta = 4-pyridylthioacetate |
1D coordination polymer chains crosslinked by S...S contacts, to give (4,4) sheets if nodes are M and L2 moieties. Could define the topology differently. |
2 |
M. Du, X.-J. Zhao and Y. Wang, Dalton Trans., 2004, 2065-2072. |
| [Mn(p-XBP4)3](ClO4)2, p-XBP4 = N,N'-p-phenylene dimethylenebis (pyridin-4-one) |
Every second link is a double bridge, through which the second sheet interpenetrates in rotoxane-like interactions. Thus the interpenetration occurs through links, and thus in explaining the interpenetration the net is probably better described in terms of a 2D 6-connected net. |
2• |
D.M.L. Goodgame, S. Menzer, A.M. Smith and D.J. Williams, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 574. |
| Cu3(ip)(ipH)(bipy)1.5, H2ip = isophthalic acid, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine |
2D→2D parallel interpenetration of 3,4-connected nets. Cu2(O2CR)4 dimers are 4-connecting nodes. |
2 |
Y.-H. Wen, J.-K. Cheng, Y.-L. Feng, J. Zhang, Z.-J. Li and Y.-G. Yao, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2005, 358, 3347-3354; Y.-H. Wen, J.-K. Cheng, Y.-L. Feng, J. Zhang, Z.-J. Li and Y.-G. Yao, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2005, 358, 3347-3354. |
| 2D → 3D parallel [ top ] |
| {Ag3[Si(p-C6H4CN)4]2}[PF6]3 .1.6THF.0.5C6H6.2CH2Cl2 |
Parallel 2D sheets - each sheet is penetrated by 4 others - non-coincident planes give 3D struct. |
5• |
F.-Q. Liu and T.D. Tilley, Inorg. Chem., 1997, 36, 5090-5096. |
| Cu4(dca)4(bipy)3(MeCN)2 |
Parallel 2D sheets - each sheet is penetrated by 4 others - non-coincident planes give 3D struct. Similar to above structure.
|
5 |
S.R. Batten, A.R. Harris, P. Jensen, K.S. Murray and A. Ziebell, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 3829-3836. |
| [Ag(sebn)2]X, sebn = sebaconitrile (1,10-decanedinitrile), X = SbF6, CF3SO3 |
Layer structure in which sheets have some thickness; each layer interpenetrated by two others; sheets are parallel but not coincident - an overall 3D structure. Sheets themselves are self-penetrating (L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, CrystEngComm, 2003, 5, 269; Coord. Chem. Rev., 2003, 246, 247). |
3 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani, P. Macchi, D.M. Proserpio, and S. Rizzato, Chem. Eur. J., 1999, 5, 237-243. |
| [Ag2(H2L)3]X2, H2L = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,4- diaminobutane, X = NO3, ClO4 |
If Ag...Ag interactions ignored, (6,3) sheets with two other nets intptg each; non-coincident planes give 3D struct. Interpenetration of the 'Borromean' type (L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, CrystEngComm, 2003, 5, 269; Coord. Chem. Rev., 2003, 246, 247). Else, a single, self-penetrating net. |
3 |
M.L. Tong, X.-M. Chen, B.-H. Ye and L.-N. Ji, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1999, 38, 2237-2240; Angew. Chem., 1999, 111, 2376-2379. |
| [Co5(bpe)9(H2O)8(SO4)4](SO4).14H2O, bpe = 1,2-bis (4-pyridyl)ethane |
Layers which are five levels deep; each layer penetrated by four others. |
5 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani, D.M. Proserpio and S. Rizzato, Chem. Commun., 2000, 1319-1320. |
| Cu6(CN)5(trz), trz = triazolate |
Undulating layer which is interpenetrated by two others and interdigitated with two others. Authors claim inclined interpenetration, but looks to be 2D→3D parallel intptn to me.
|
3 |
D.J. Chesnut, A. Kusnetzow, R. Birge and J. Zubieta, Inorg. Chem., 1999, 38, 5484-5494. |
| Cu4(1,4-C6H4(CO2)2)3(bipy)2 |
Thick layers, each penetrated by 2 others. |
3 |
S.M.-F. Lo, S.S.-Y. Chui, L.-Y. Shek, Z. Lin, X.X. Zhang, G. Wen and I.D. Williams, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 6293-6294. |
| 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenol)ethane.4,4'-bipy (2/3) |
(6,3) H-bonded nets. Layers of 5-fold 2D→2D parallel intptg sheets intpte other such off-set layers in a 2D→3D fashion. My rough look implied 10 other nets intpte each net (i.e. 11-fold intptn), paper says 10. |
10 |
A.C. Benyei, P.I. Coupar, G. Ferguson, C. Glidewell, A.J. Longh and P.R. Meehan, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 1998, 54, 1515-1519. |
| Zn2(tp)(bipy)V2O6, tp = terephthalate |
2D layers composed of pairs of cross-linked (4,4) sheets; each 'thick' layer penetrated by 2 others. |
3 |
J. Tao, X.-M. Zhang, M.-L. Tong and X.-M. Chen, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2001, 770-771. |
| 3,5-dinitroaniline |
H-bonded nets. |
3 |
C. Glidewell, D. Cannon, A. Quesada, J.N. Low, S.A. McWilliam, J.M.S. Skakle and J.L. Wardell, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 2001, 57, 455-8. |
| Cu3(bpen)(IN)6(H2O)2, bpen = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, IN = isonicotinato |
Triple-level layers. |
3 |
J.Y. Lu and A.M. Babb, Inorg. Chem., 2001, 40, 3261-2. |
| Cd(isonicotinate)2(1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane)1/2(H2O) |
|
3 |
Z.-Y. Fu, X.-T. Wu, J.-C. Dai, L.-M. Wu, C.-P. Cui and S.-M. Hu, Chem. Commun., 2001, 1856-7. |
| 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane - 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane (1/2) |
H-bonded nets. |
3 |
C.M. Zakaria, G. Ferguson, A.J. Lough and C. Glidewell, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 2002, 58, o1-o5. |
| 2,2'-bipyridine - 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane (1/2) |
H-bonded nets. |
3 |
C.M. Zakaria, G. Ferguson, A.J. Lough and C. Glidewell, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 2002, 58, o204-o208. |
| [Cu(bpe)1.5(PPh3)]PF6.1.5CH2Cl2, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene |
Highly undulating (6,3) sheets. |
3 |
J.M. Knaust, S. Lopez and S.W. Keller, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2001, 324, 81-89. |
| Cd(dca)2(bpp), dca = dicyanamide, bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane |
One isomorph has each parallel sheet interpenetrated by two others, one above and one below. While parallel, each adjacent interpenetrating layer is orientated ca. 90¡ within the plane to its neighbour, so interpenetration is due to a mixture of undulation and thickness of the sheets. |
3 |
E.-Q. Gao, Z.-M. Wang, C.-S. Liao and C.-H. Yan, New J. Chem., 2002, 26, 1096-1098; E.-Q. Gao, S.-Q. Bai, Z.-M. Wang and C.-H. Yan, Dalton Trans., 2003, 1759-1764. |
| Cu3(bipy)2(pydc)2.4H2O, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, pydc = pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylate |
If long Cu...O interactions (2.689 Å) are ignored, then highly undulating sheets; each sheet interlocked with 4 others. Otherwise, 2 interpenetrating 3,4-connected nets with (102.12)2(4.102)2(42.102.122) topology. |
5 |
X.-M. Zhang and X.-M. Chen, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2003, 413-417. |
| Ag(bpe)L0.5.H2O, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, L = 4,4'-biphenylcarboxylate |
T-shaped nodes (Ag). Each 'thick' layer actually interpenetrates directly which two others, and only interdigitates with a further two. However, the interpenetrating layers 'tie' the interdigitating layers to the initial one. See L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, CrystEngComm, 2003, 5, 269; Coord. Chem. Rev., 2003, 246, 247 for excellent discussions of this structure. |
3 |
Z.-Y. Fu, X.-T. Wu, J.-C. Dai, S.-M. Hu and W.-X. Du, New J. Chem., 2002, 26, 978-980. |
| [Ag2L3OH][ClO4].2.5H2O, L = N, N'-bis(3-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,6-hexane |
Highly undulating (6,3) sheets. Each net is interpenetrates with not other net directly. However, each interdigitates with four others in such a way that each interdigitating layer 'ties' another layer to the first, such that all three are inseparable without breaking links. Interpenetration of the 'Borromean' type (L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, CrystEngComm, 2003, 5, 269; Coord. Chem. Rev., 2003, 246, 247). |
0 |
S. Muthu, J.H.K. Yip and J.J. Vittal, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2002, 4561-4568. |
| Trimesic acid (α form) |
And polyhalide clathrates; H-bonding. Highly undulating (6,3) sheets. Each window of each sheet has three other networks passing through it, however it would be more accurate to describe it as 10-fold interpenetration as each sheet interpenetrates with 9 others.
|
4 |
D.J. Duchamp and R.E. Marsh, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1969, 25, 5; F.H. Herbstein, M. Kapon and G.M. Reisner, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1985, 41, 348; F.H. Herbstein, Isr. J. Chem., 1968, 6, IVp; J.E. Davies, P. Finocchiaro and F.H. Herbstein in Inclusion Compounds, eds. J.L. Atwood, J.E.D. Davies and D.D. MacNicol, Academic Press, London, 1984, vol 2, Ch. 11; F.H. Herbstein, Top. Curr. Chem., 1987, 140, 107. |
| Zn2(nip)2(bipy)3.H2O, H2nip = 5-nitroisophthalic acid |
Thick layers. |
3 |
J. Tao, X. Yin, Y.-B. Jiang, L.-F. Yang, R.-B. Huang and L.-S. Zheng, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2003, 2678-2682. |
| ZnL2(NCS)2.2H2O, L = 1,2-bis(3-pyridylmethyleneamino)ethane |
Highly undulating (4,4) sheets. |
3 |
Y. Wang, X.-M. Ouyang, Y.-Z. Li and W.-Y. Sun, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 2003, 76, 1403-1404. |
| Cd(bpe)1.5(NO2-BDC).0.25H2O, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, NO2-BDCH2 = 5-nitro-1,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid |
Thick layers. |
3 |
J. Luo, M. Hong, R. Wang, R. Cao, L. Han and Z. Lin, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2003, 2705-2710. |
| AgL(CF3SO3).0.5H2O, L = 1,3,5-tris(4-cyanophenoxymethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene |
Highly undulated (6,3) sheets. Layers of doubly interpenetrating sheets are further interpenetrated with adjacent layers. Each sheet interpenetrates with 3 others - one in the same plane, one above and one below. |
4 |
S. Banfi, L. Carlucci, E. Caruso, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, Cryst. Growth Des., 2004, 4, 29-32. |
| [H3bta]2[H2-4,4'-bipy], H4bta = benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid |
H-bonded nets. Each thick layer penetrated by two others. |
3 |
C. Ruiz-Perez, P.A. Lorenzo-Luis, M. Hernandez-Molina, M.M. Laz, P. Gili and M. Julve, Cryst. Growth Des., 2004, 4, 57-61. |
| [(ZnL).bipy].nS, ZnL = [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrinato]zinc, S = nitrobenzene |
Both H-bonding and coordinative bonding. Complex layers interpenetrate in a 2D→3D parallel fashion (3-fold) (see L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2003, 246, 247 for analysis), but further H-bonds connect nets together into a single self-penetrating(?) 3D net. |
|
Y. Diskin-Posner, G.K. Patra and I. Goldberg, Chem. Commun., 2002, 1420-1421; Y. Diskin-Posner, G.K. Patra and I. Goldberg, CrystEngComm, 2002, 4, 296-301. |
| Zn(bpndc)(bipy)1.5.0.5bipy.0.5H2O, bpndc = benzophenone-4,4'-dicarboxylate, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine |
Thick layers. Each layer penetrated by 2 others.
|
3 |
C. Sun and L. Jin, J. Mol. Struct., 2005, 733, 63-68. |
| CoL2(NO3)2.2Et2O.Me2SO.H2O, L = N, N'-bis(4-pyridylcarbonyl)-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether |
Highly undulated (4,4) sheets. |
3 |
Y.W. Shin, T.H. Kim, K.Y. Lee, K.-M. Park, S.S. Lee and J. Kim, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2004, 7, 374-377. |
| Ag2NbTi3P6S25, M = Na, Ag |
Thick sheets; each penetrated by two others. |
3 |
J. Angenault, X. Cieren, G. Wallez and M. Quarton, J. Solid State Chem., 2000, 153, 55-65. |
| 2D inclined (6,3) [ top ] |
| Cu2(pyz)3(SiF6) |
|
2• |
L.R. MacGillivray, S. Subramanian and M.J. Zaworotko, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 1325. |
| (R-rad+)2M2[Cu(opba)]3(DMSO)2 .2H2O, R-rad+ = 2-(4-N-alkylpyridinium)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1- oxyl-3-oxide (aka 2-(1-alkylpyridinium-4-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolin-1- oxyl-3-oxide); opba = o-phenylene-bis(oxamato); R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, M = Mn, Co, Ni |
R-rad+ actually links the two interpenetrating sheets. |
2• |
H.O. Stumpf, L. Ouahab, Y. Pei, D. Grandjean and O. Kahn, Science, 1993, 261, 447; H.O. Stumpf, L. Ouahab, Y. Pei, P. Bergerat and O. Kahn, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 3866; M.G.F. Vaz, L.M.M. Pinheiro, H.O. Stumpf, A.F.C. Alcantara, S. Golhen, L. Ouahab, O. Cador, C. Mathoniere and O. Kahn, Chem. Eur. J., 1999, 5, 1486-1495; M.G.F. Vaz, H.O. Stumpf, N.L. Speziali, C. Mathoniere and O. Cador, Polyhedron, 2001, 20, 1761-1769; M.A. Novak, M.G.F. Vaz, N.L. Speziali, W.V. Costa and H.O. Stumpf, Polyhedron, 2003, 22, 2391-2394. |
| [Ag2(C16H24N4)3•(C36H36N24O12)3] (NO3)8.40H2O |
Each rod of the sheets is a rotaxane with Cucurbituril beads. |
3 |
D. Whang and K. Kim, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 451-2; K.-M. Park, D. Whang, E. Lee, J. Heo and K. Kim, Chem. Eur. J., 2002, 8, 498-508. |
| Trimesic acid (γ form) |
And polyhalide clathrates; H-bonding.
|
4• |
F.H. Herbstein, M. Kapon and G.M. Reisner, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1985, 41, 348; F.H. Herbstein, M. Kapon and G.M. Reisner, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 1981, 376, 301; J.E. Davies, P. Finocchiaro and F.H. Herbstein in Inclusion Compounds, eds. J.L. Atwood, J.E.D. Davies and D.D. MacNicol, Academic Press, London, 1984, vol 2, Ch. 11; F.H. Herbstein, Top. Curr. Chem., 1987, 140, 107. |
| Cu(bipy)X, X = Cl, Br, I, S |
Bipys bridge Cu2X2 clusters. |
4• |
O.M. Yaghi and G. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 207 (X = Cl); S.R. Batten, J.C. Jeffery and M.D. Ward, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1999, 292, 231-237 (X = Br, I); J.Y. Lu, B.R. Cabrera, R.-J. Wang and J. Li, Inorg. Chem., 1999, 38, 4608-4611 (X = Br); A.J. Blake, N.R. Brooks, N.R. Champness, P.A. Cooke, M. Crew, A.M. Deveson, L.R. Hanton, P. Hubberstey, D. Fenske and M. Schroder, Cryst. Eng., 1999, 2, 181-195 (X = I); X. Gu, Z. Shi, J. Peng, Y. Chen, E. Wang and N. Hu, J. Mol. Struct., 2004, 694, 219-222. |
| Fe(C5H4COC6H4OH)2 |
H-bonded. |
2?• |
A.C. Benyei, C. Glidewell, P. Lightfoot, B.J.L. Royles and D.M. Smith, J. Organomet. Chem., 1997, 539, 177-186. |
| [Et4N][{Ni(Hbim)3}2(H2bim)].MeOH.H2O, H2bim = 2,2'-biimidazole. MeEt3N derivative also. |
H-bonded; interesting topology of interpenetration. |
3 |
M. Tadokoro, K. Isobe, H. Uekusa, Y. Ohashi, J. Toyoda, K. Tashiro and K. Nakasuji, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1999, 38, 95-98; Angew. Chem., 1999, 111, 102-6; M. Tadokoro, K. Isobe, H. Uekusa, Y. Ohashi and K. Nakasuji, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1996, 278, 221-224; K. Nakasuji, M. Tadokoro, J. Toyoda, M. Mitsumi, T. Itoh and K. Iijima, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1996, 285, 241-248; M. Tadokoro and K. Nakasuji, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2000, 198, 205-18. |
| Cs[Ni(Hbim)3], [Ru(Hbim)3], H2bim = 2,2'-biimidazole |
H-bonded nets; Cs just counterion. |
3 |
M. Tadokoro, T. Shiomi, K. Isobe and K. Nakasuji, Inorg. Chem., 2001, 40, 5476-8; M. Tadokoro, H. Kanno, T. Kitajima, H. Shimada-Umemoto, N. Nakanishi, K. Isobe and K. Nakasuji, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2002, 99, 4950-4955. |
| [Mn(bpe)(H2O)4](ClO4)2.4(bpe).2H2O |
Mn-bpe chains reinforced by two H-bonding H2O-bpe-H2O links, with other connections also H2O-bpe-H2O links. |
2 |
F.D. Rochon, M. Andruh and R. Melanson, Can. J. Chem., 1998, 76, 1564-1570. |
| ZnL1.5(H2O)(SO4).6H2O, L = 1,1’-(1,4-butanediyl) bis(imidazole) |
|
3 |
J.-F. Ma, J.-F. Liu, Y. Xing, H.-Q. Jia and Y.-H. Lin, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 2403-2407. |
| Cd(NO3)2L1.5•1/2L, L = 1,4-bis(3-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene |
|
3 |
Y.-B. Dong, M.D. Smith and H.-C. zur Loye, Inorg. Chem., 2000, 39, 4927-4935. |
| [Ag2(1,4-dithiane)3](NO3)2 |
|
2 |
N.R. Brooks, A.J. Blake, N.R. Champness, J.W. Cunningham, P. Hubberstey, S.J. Teat, C. Wilson and M. Schroder, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2001, 2530-2538. |
| Ag(TITMB)N3.H2O, TITMB = 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene |
|
2 |
J. Fan, H.-F. Zhu, T. Okamura, W.-Y. Sun, W.-X. Tang and N. Ueyama, Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42, 158-162. |
| CTA.H2O, CTA = 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid |
H-bonded nets. |
4 |
B.R. Bhogala, P. Vishweshwar and A. Nangia, Cryst. Growth Des., 2002, 2, 325-328. |
| CTA.MeCN, CTA = 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid |
H-bonded nets. |
5 |
N. Shan, A.D. Bond and W. Jones, New J. Chem., 2003, 27, 365-371. |
| In(BDC)1.5(bipy), BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine |
|
3 |
B. Gomez-Lor, E. Gutierrez-Puebla, M. Iglesias, M.A. Monge, C. Ruiz-Valero and N. Snejko, Chem. Mater., 2005, 17, 2568-2573. |
| 1,4-di[bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]benzene.2solv, solv = MeOH, EtOH |
H-bonded nets. Nets crosslinked by EtOH in EtOH structure. |
3 |
S. Aitipamula and A. Nangia, Supramol. Chem., 2005, 17, 17-25. |
| H-bonded nets. Nets crosslinked by EtOH in EtOH structure. Nets defined by C-H...N interactions; but similar interactions connect the nets. |
Thick sheets; each penetrated by two others. |
3 |
S. Basavoju, S. Aitipamula and G.R. Desiraju, CrystEngComm, 2004, 6, 120-125. |
| 2D inclined (4,4) [ top ] |
| Cd(NH3)2{Ag(CN)2}2 |
|
2• |
T. Soma and T. Iwamoto, Chem. Lett., 1995, 271. |
| [M(bipy)2(H2O)2]SiF6, M = Zn, Cu, Cd;
[Cd(bipy)2(H2O)(OH)]PF6. |
If H2O...SiF6...H2O hydrogen bonds taken into account, Zn (and presumably the others) can be described as a single self-penetrating 3D net (L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2003, 246, 247).
|
2• |
R.W. Gable, B.F. Hoskins and R. Robson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 1677; R. Robson, B.F. Abrahams, S.R. Batten, R.W. Gable, B.F. Hoskins and J. Liu, Supramolecular Architecture, ACS Symposium Series 499, ed. T. Bein, Am. Chem. Soc., Washington DC, 1992, 256. |
| [Cu(bipy)2(H2O)2]XF6, X = Si, Ge |
|
2 |
S. Noro, R. Kitaura, M. Kondo, S. Kitagawa, T. Ishii, H. Matsuzaka and M. Yamashita, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124, 2568-2583. |
| M2(OH)(bpb)4(BF4)3.H2O.C2H5OH, M = Cd, Cu |
Pairs of bridged square sheets. |
2• |
B.F. Hoskins, R. Robson and E.E. Sutherland, unpublished results. |
| [M(bpe)2(NCS)2].CH3OH, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-ethene, M = Fe, Co |
Bridging bpes and terminal NCS ligands. |
2• |
J.A. Real, E. Andres, M.C. Munoz, M. Julve, T. Granier, A. Bousseksou and F. Varret, Science, 1995, 268, 265; G. De Munno, F. Cipriani, D. Armentano, M. Julve and J.A. Real, New J. Chem., 2001, 25, 1031-1036. |
| Co(NCS)2(Py2L)2, Py2L = trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene |
Diagonal/diagonal mode. |
2 |
S.H. Park, K.M. Kim, S. Lee and O.-S. Jung, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 1998, 19, 79-82. |
| {[Cd(4-ampy)2{μ-Ag(CN)2}2] .[Cd(mea)(4-ampy){Ag(CN)2}{μ-Ag(CN)2}]2}n, 4-ampy = 4-aminopyridine, mea = 2-aminoethanol |
Two sets of intpting sheets different - one coordn (3-fold intpted), other H-bonding b/w coordn chains (2-fold intpted). |
3 and 2• |
T. Soma and T. Iwamoto, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 1996, 52, 1200. |
| Cd(C5H5N)2{Ag(CN)2}2.C6H6 |
|
3• |
T. Soma and T. Iwamoto, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1996, 276, 19-24; T. Soma and T. Iwamoto, J. Inclusion Phenom. Mol. Recognit. Chem., 1996, 26, 161-173. |
| Cd(C5H5N)2{Ag(CN)2}2.C4H5N |
|
3• |
T. Soma and T. Iwamoto, J. Inclusion Phenom. Mol. Recognit. Chem., 1996, 26, 161-173. |
| [Cu(bpe)2][Cu(bpe)(H2O)2(SO4)2]
.2H2O |
Cu(bpe)2 sheets, with Cu/bpe/SO4 chains between sheets; weak axial coord. of SO4 in chains by Cu in sheets x-links nets, presumably generating a self-penetrating network. |
2 |
D. Hagrman, R.P. Hammond, R. Haushalter and J. Zubieta, Chem. Mater., 1998, 10, 2091-2100. |
| Co(dca)2(bipy).0.5H2O.0.5MeOH |
|
2 |
P. Jensen, S.R. Batten, B. Moubaraki, and K.S. Murray, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2002, 3712-3722. |
| Cu(dca)2(bipy).H2O |
A long Cu-N(amide) bond (ca. 2.8-2.9 Å) links interpenetrating sheets, giving a self-penetrating net. |
2 |
P. Jensen, S.R. Batten, B. Moubaraki, and K.S. Murray, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2002, 3712-3722. |
| M(NCS)2L2, M = Co, Zn, Cd, L = 2,2'-bi-1,6-naphthyridine |
They use phrase "2 x 2 interpenetration". |
3 |
H.-P. Wu, C. Janiak, L. Uehlin, P. Klufers, and P. Mayer, Chem. Commun., 1998, 2637-2638. |
| [M(azpy)2(H2O)2]SiF6.H2O, azpy = trans-4,4'-azobis(pyridine), M = Zn, Cu; [Cu(azpy)2(H2O)2](NO3)2(H2O)2 |
|
2 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, New J. Chem., 1998, 22, 1319-1321 (Zn); M.A. Withersby, A.J. Blake, N.R. Champness, P.A. Cooke, P. Hubberstey, A.L. Realf, S.J. Teat and M. Schroder, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 3261-3268 (Cu); C. He, B.-G. Zhang, C. Duan, J. Li and Q.-J. Meng, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2000, 2549-2554 (NO3). |
| Ni(bipy)2(NO3)2.2pyrene |
(4,4) Ni(bipy)2 sheets interpenetrated by (4,4) pyrene sheets - pyrene molecules held together by edge-to-face π interactions - could also be described as (6,3) sheets. |
2 |
K. Biradha, K.V. Domasevitch, B. Moulton, C. Seward and M.J. Zaworotko, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1327. See also K. Biradha, A. Mondal, B. Moulton and M.J. Zaworotko, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 3837-3844 for related arene structures. See also F.H. Herbstein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 2001, 57, 517-9 for further discussion. |
| M(bipy)2(NO3)2.2p-nitroaniline, M = Co, Ni, Zn |
Similar interpenetration of (4,4) coordination polymer and guest molecule nets as described in pyrene structure above. |
2 |
B. Moulton, E.B. Rather and M.J. Zaworotko, Cryst. Eng., 2001, 4, 309-317. |
| Cd(NO3)2(Py2C6H12)2, Py2C6H12 = 1,6-bis(4-pyridyl)hexane |
|
4 |
M.J. Plater, M.R.St.J. Foreman, T. Gelbrich, S.J. Coles and M.B. Hursthouse, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 3065-3073. |
| Co2(azpy)2(NCS)2•0.5EtOH, azpy = 4,4'-azopyridine |
|
2 |
M. Kondo, M. Shimamura, S. Noro, S. Minakoshi, A. Asami, K. Seki and S. Kitagawa, Chem. Mater., 2000, 12, 1288-1299; see also B.-L. Li, Y. Xu, Y.-J. Liu and Z. Xu, Chem. Res. Chin. Univ., 2001, 17, 237-242. |
| [NiL2(H2O)2](NO3)2, L = 9,10-bis(4-pyridyl)anthracene |
|
2 |
K. Biradha and M. Fujita, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 3805-3810. |
| Zn(tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin).solv |
H-bonded nets. |
3 |
I. Goldberg, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1996, 278, 57-64; P. Dastidar, Z. Stein, I. Goldberg and C.E. Strouse, Supramol. Chem., 1996, 7, 257-270; M.E. Kosal and K.S. Suslick, J. Solid State Chem., 2000, 152, 87-98. |
| meso-tetra[4-(3,5-diaminotriazino)phenyl]porphyrin |
H-bonded nets. The interpenetrating sheets are cross-linked within each of the two separate stacks by further H-bonding. |
3 |
S. Dahal and I. Goldberg, J. Phys. Org. Chem., 2000, 13, 382-387. |
| NiL2(NO3)2(THF)5/3(H2O)1/3, L = 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene |
|
2 |
D.M. Ciurtin, Y-B. Dong, M.D. Smith, T. Barclay and H-C. zur Loye, Inorg. Chem., 2001, 40, 2825-2834. |
| ML2(H2O)2, L = trans-4-pyridylacrylate, M = Ni, Cu |
|
2 |
Y-H. Liu, C-S. Lin, S-Y. Chen, H-L. Tsai, C-H. Ueng and K-L. Lu, J. Solid State Chem., 2001, 157, 166-172. |
| Cu(fum)(ppz)(H2O)2, fum = fumarate dianion, ppz = piperazine |
|
2 |
P.S. Mukherjee, S. Dalai, G. Mostafa, E. Zangrando, T.-H. Lu, G. Rogez, T. Mallah and N.R. Chaudhuri, Chem. Commun., 2001, 1346-1347. |
| ML2(NO3)2.CH2Cl2, M = Cu, Co, L = 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiyne |
|
2 |
M.B. Zaman, M.D. Smith and H.-C. zur Loye, Chem. Mater., 2001, 13, 3534-41. |
| Ln2(ad)3(H2O)4.xH2O, Ln = Nd, Sm, Gd, Er, Yb, H2ad = adipic acid |
|
2 |
A. Dimos, D. Tsaousis, A. Michaelides, S. Skoulika, S. Golhen, L. Ouahab, C. Didierjean and A. Aubry, Chem. Mater., 2002, 14, 2616-2622. |
| [Cu(bpp)2Cl]Cl.1.5H2O, bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane |
|
3 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani, M. Moret, D.M. Proserpio and S. Rizzato, Chem. Mater., 2002, 14, 12-16. |
| NiL2(NO3)2.x(mesitylene), L = 4,4'-bis(4-pyridyl)biphenyl |
|
4 |
Mentioned in K. Biradha, Y. Hongo and M. Fujita, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2002, 41, 3395-3398; Angew. Chem., 2002, 114, 3545-3548. |
| M(C4O4)(bipy)(H2O)2.3H2O, C4O4 = squarate dianion, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd |
H-bonding crosslinks interpenetrating sheets. |
2 |
C. Nather, J. Greve and I. Jeb, Chem. Mater., 2002, 14, 4536-4542; C.-C. Wang, C.-H. Yang, S.-H. Yang, S.-M. Tseng, G.-H. Lee, H.-S. Sheu and K.W. Phyu, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2004, 357, 3759-3764; S. Konar, M. Corbella, E. Zangrando, J. Ribas and N.R. Chaudhuri, Chem. Commun., 2003, 1424-1425; J. Greve, I. Jeb and C. Nather, J. Solid State Chem., 2003, 175, 328-340.. |
| Cu(bpb)2(NO3)2.azo, bpb = 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiyne, azo = azobenzene |
|
2 |
M.B. Zaman, K. Udachin, M. Akhtaruzzaman, Y. Yamashita and J.A. Ripmeester, Chem. Commun., 2002, 2322-2323. |
| [Cd(bpz)(H2O)3(SO4)].H2O, bpz = 4,4'-bipyrazolyl |
1D coordination polymer chains linked by H-bonding into (4,4) sheets which then show inclined interpenetration. However, further extensive H-bonding may crosslink sheets. |
2 |
I. Boldog, J. Sieler, A.N. Chernega and K.V. Domasevitch, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2002, 338, 69-77. |
| Cd(bpz)2(NO3)2, bpz = 4,4'-bipyrazolyl |
|
2 |
I. Boldog, J. Sieler, A.N. Chernega and K.V. Domasevitch, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2002, 338, 69-77. |
| Ag(NC-(CH2)7-CN)2X, X = ClO4, PF6, AsF6, SbF6 |
Diagonal/diagonal mode. |
2 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani, D.M. Proserpio and S. Rizzato, CrystEngComm, 2002, 4, 413-425. |
| Co(mppe)2(NCS)2, mppe = 1-methyl-1'-(4-pyridyl)-2-4-pyrimidyl)ethylene |
Diagonal/diagonal mode. |
2 |
D.M. Shin, I.S. Lee, Y.K. Chung and M.S. Lah, Chem. Commun., 2003, 1036-1037. |
| CoL2(NCS)2, L = 1-(3-pyridyl)-2-(4-pyridyl)ethene |
|
2 |
D.M. Shin, I.S. Lee, Y.K. Chung and M.S. Lah, Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42, 5459-5461. |
| Co(mpe)2(NCS)2, mpe = 1-methyl-1',2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene |
One form. |
2 |
D.M. Shin, I.S. Lee, D. Cho and Y.K. Chung, Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42, 7722-7724. |
| 4,4-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanone |
Two types of H-bonded (4,4) nets (square and 'parquet floor' geometries) - one has one of other type penetrating each window, while the other has two nets penetrating every second window, while the other types of windows are not penetrated at all. |
2 |
S. Aitipamula, G.R. Desiraju, M. Jaskolski, A. Nangia and R. Thaimattam, CrystEngComm, 2003, 5, 447-450. |
| Tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane |
H-bonded nets which could also be described as (6,3). |
2 |
S. Aitipamula, A. Nangia, R. Thaimattam and M. Jaskolski, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 2003, 59, o481-o484. |
| Fe(azpy)2(NCS)2.guest, azpy = trans-4,4'-azopyridine |
Diagonal/diagonal mode. |
2 |
G.J. Halder, C.J. Kepert, B. Moubaraki, K.S. Murray and J.D. Cashion, Science, 2002, 298, 1762-1765. |
| Cd(bpp)2(SCN)2.2H2O, bpp = 2,2'-bis(4-pyridylmethyleneoxy)-1,1'-biphenylene |
|
2 |
R. Wang, L. Han, L. Xu, Y. Gong, Y. Zhou, M. Hong and A.S.C. Chan, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2004, 3751-3763. |
| Cd4(bpe)3(H2O)2(3,3'-bpda)4, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 3,3'-bpda = 1,1'-biphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate |
Cd4(3,3'-bpda)4(H2O)2 nodes |
2 |
R. Wang, L. Han, F. Jiang, Y. Zhou, D. Yuan and M. Hong, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 129-135. |
| Co4(pico)4(bipy)3(H2O)2.2H2O, pico = 3-hydroxypicolinate, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine |
Inclined sheets are different; in one every window penetrated by 1 sheet, in other only every second window penetrated by one sheet. |
0.5/2 |
M.-H. Zeng, W.-X. Zhang, X.-Z. Sun and X.-M. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2005, 44, 3079-3082. |
| [Cu2(mea)2(bpe)2](ClO4)2, Hmea = monoethanolamine, bpe = bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene |
Cu2(mea)2 nodes. |
3 |
G. Marin, V. Tudor, V.C. Kravtsov, M. Schmidtmann, Y.A. Simonov, A. Muller and M. Andruh, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 279-282. |
| AgL2(BF4).MeOH, L = 2,2'-bis(4-pyridyl)-9,9'-spirobifluorene |
Net composed of 1D coordination polymers crosslinked by pi-pi stacking. |
2 |
K.-T. Wong, Y.-L. Liao, Y.-C. Peng, C.-C. Wang, S.-Y. Lin, C.-H. Yang, S.-M. Tseng, G.-H. Lee and S.-M. Peng, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 667-671. |
| Cu2Cl2(chtpy), chtpy = a,a-1,4-dihydroxy-e,e,e,e-1,2,4,5-tetra(4-pyridyl)cyclohexane |
Diagonal/diagonal mode. |
2 |
M.-L. Tong, S. Hu, B. Wang and S.R. Batten, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2005, 44, 5471-5475. |
| 2D inclined with more than 2 stacks [ top ] |
| Pt(HL)2L2.2H2O, HL = 4-pyCO2H |
H-bonded (4,4) sheets interpenetrating in 3 perpendicular planes. "each square cavity of one of the unique nets is interwoven by 3 other nets, while those of the other unique net are interwoven by 5 nets."
|
4/6/6 |
C.B. Aakeroy, A.M. Beatty and D.S. Leinen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1999, 38, 1815-1819; Angew. Chem., 1999, 111, 1932-1936. |
| Fe(bpb)2(NCS)2•0.5MeOH, bpb = 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)butadiyne |
Three perpendicular stacks of sheets. |
4/6/6 |
N. Moliner, C. Munoz, S. Letard, X. Solans, N. Menendez, A. Goujon, F. Varret and J.A. Real, Inorg. Chem., 2000, 39, 5390-5393. |
| Co2(azpy)3(NO3)4•Me2CO•3H2O, azpy = 4,4'-azopyridine |
Remarkable structure with 4 different stacks of (6,3) sheets!! Each window has 3 other nets going through it. Unusual intptn topology not commented on by authors!
|
4/4/4/4 |
M. Kondo, M. Shimamura, S. Noro, S. Minakoshi, A. Asami, K. Seki and S. Kitagawa, Chem. Mater., 2000, 12, 1288-1299. |
| [Ni6(bpe)10(H2O)16](SO4)6.xH2O, bpe = bis(4-pyridyl)ethane |
Three sets of (4,4) sheets (of two different geometries) interpenetrating in a parallel/parallel/parallel fashion; authors define a 'density of catenation' of 2/4/4. |
3/5/5 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani, D.M. Proserpio and S. Rizzato, CrystEngComm, 2003, 5, 190-199. |
| 2D inclined (other) [ top ] |
| [Ni(azpy)2(NO3)2]2[Ni2(azpy)3(NO3)4] .4CH2Cl2, azpy = trans-4,4'-azobis(pyridine) |
Two sorts of nets - (6,3) nets and (4,4) nets showing inclined interpenetration. (6,3) nets show 3-fold intptn, while (4,4) nets show 2-fold. |
2/3 |
L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, New. J. Chem., 1998, 22, 1319-1321. |
| [M(bipy)2(NO3)2].3naphthalene, M = Co, Ni |
(4,4) M/bipy sheets interptd by (6,3) naphthalene sheets (edge to face stacking), where the trigonal node is take as the centre of gravity of three neighbouring molecules (otherwise each naphthalene has four neighbours). Each type of sheet is 2-fold intptd. |
2/2 |
K. Biradha, K.V. Domasevitch, C. Hogg, B. Moulton, K.N. Power and M.J. Zaworotko, Cryst. Eng., 1999, 2, 37-45. (cf. K. Biradha, K.V. Domasevitch, B. Moulton, C. Seward and M.J. Zaworotko, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1327 (above); K. Biradha, A. Mondal, B. Moulton and M.J. Zaworotko, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 3837-3844, for related arene adducts). See also K. Biradha and M. Fujita, Chem. Commun., 2001, 15-16 for related structures. |
| 2D inclined and parallel [ top ] |
| [AgL2]SbF6, L = 3-cyanophenyl 4-cyanobenzoate |
Layers of 2-fold parallel interpenetrating (4,4) sheets, which show 2-fold(?) inclined interpenetration. |
2/2=4• |
K.A. Hirsch, S.R. Wilson and J.S. Moore, Chem. Commun., 1998, 13-14. |
[ top ]
|
