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Known examples of interpenetration

Current to 31/10/05 - Now with Selected Pictures!!

Dr. Stuart Batten
School of Chemistry
Monash University 3800
Australia
Ph: +61 3 9905 4606
Fax: +61 3 9905 4597
E-mail: stuart.batten@sci.monash.edu.au

In Review: "Interpenetrating Nets: Ordered, Periodic Entanglement", Stuart R. Batten and Richard Robson, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 1460-1494; Angew. Chem., 1998, 110, 1558-1595. (Or "Catenane and Rotaxane Motifs in Interpenetrating and Self-Penetrating Coordination Polymers", Stuart R. Batten and Richard Robson, in Molecular Catenanes, Rotaxanes and Knots, A Journey Through the World of Molecular Topology, eds. J.-P. Sauvage and C. Dietrich-Buchecker, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999, 77-105.)

If you find this table useful, please cite “Topology of Interpenetration”, CrystEngComm, 2001, 3, 67-73.
http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=10.1039/B102400k

** A number of entries have been added or corrected thanks to the extensive CSD and ICSD database searches contained in the following papers: V.A. Blatov, L. Carlucci and D.M. Proserpio, CrystEngComm, 2004, 6, 377-395; I.A. Baburin, V.A. Blatov, L. Carlucci, G. Ciani and D.M. Proserpio, J. Solid State Chem., 2005, 178, 2471-2493.

*** Every effort has been made to ensure this table is both comprehensive and correct, but if you know of any possible omissions or errors (and it is highly likely there will be examples of each), I would greatly appreciate the feedback. Compliments are also accepted! ***
Compound Notes # Reference
3D 5-connected [ top ]
Cu(bipy)1.5Cr2O7.H2O 5-connecting Cu. Network topology 4664. 2 L. Pan, N. Ching, X. Huang and J. Li, Chem. Commun., 2001, 1064-1065.
Cu2(2,5-Me2pyz)(dca)4, 2,5-Me2pyz = 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, dca = dicyanamide   2 W.-F. Yeung, S. Gao, W.-T. Wong and T.-C. Lau, New J. Chem., 2002, 26, 523-525; J.L. Manson, J.A. Schlueter, H.-J. Koo and M.-H. Whangbo, Inorg. Chem., 2004, 43, 4007-4011.
CMCR.2bpmh.Ph2CO, CMCR = C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene, bpmh = bis(4-pyridylmethylidyne)hydrazine H-bonded nets with CMCR molecules as nodes. 3 B.-Q. Ma and P. Coppens, Chem. Commun., 2003, 412-413.
Zn2(OH)(btc)(pipe), btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate, pipe = piperazine Nodes are Zn2(OH)(O2CR) clusters. 2 Z. Shi, G. Li, L. Wang, L. Gao, X. Chen, J. Hua and S. Feng, Cryst. Growth Des., 2004, 4, 25-27.
CuL1.5(L2).3H2O, L = 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole), H2L2 = 1,1'-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid 46.64 nets. 2 J. Yang, J.-F. Ma, Y.-Y. Liu, S.-L. Li and G.-L. Zheng, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2005, 2174-2180.
Cd4(bpa)4(bipy)6 .0.5bipy.7H2O, bpa = 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine Borazone (46.64 nets.) topology. 4 J.C. Dai, X.-T. Wu, S.-M. Hu, Z.-Y. Fu, J.-J. Zhang, W.-X. Du, H.-H. Zhang and R.-Q. Sun, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2004, 2096-2106.
[Cd(PDCO)(bix)1.5].1.5H2O, DPCO = pyridine-2,6-dicarbosylic acid N-oxide, bix = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene Unusual network, which I calculate has 42.63.8 topology. 2 L.-L. Wen, D.-B. Dang, C.-Y. Duan, Y.-Z. Li, Z.-F. Tian, and Q.-J. Meng, Inorg. Chem., 2005, 44, 7161-7170.
Mn(tcm)2(bpeado), tcm = tricyanomethanide, bpeado = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane-N,N'-dioxide 46.64 nets. 2 H.-L. Sun, B.-Q. Ma, S. Gao and S.R. Batten, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 1331-1333.
Yb2(OH)(atpt)2.5(phen)2.1.75H2O, H2atpt = 2-aminoterephthalic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline Yb2(OH) dimers as nodes. 5 C.-B. Liu, C.-Y. Sun, L.-P. Jin and S.-Z. Lu, New J. Chem., 2004, 28, 1019-1026.
3D 6-connected α-Po [ top ]
Various soft matter (surfactant-water systems, block copolymers, liquid crystals). See also 'Misc related' section. 2 or 3 X. Zeng, G. Ungar and M. Imperor-Clerc, Nature Materials, 2005, 4, 562-567 and references therein; S.T. Hyde, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater., 1996, 1, 653-662, and references therein.
Nb6F15 Octahedral centre is a cluster. 2• H. Schafer, H.-G. Schnering, K.-J. Niehues and H.G. Nieder-Vahrenholz, J. Less-Common Met., 1965, 9, 95-104.
Li2Zr6Cl15Mn, LiZr6Cl15Fe, Zr6Cl15Co, Zr6Cl15Ni Nb6F15 structure (above). 2• J. Zhang and J.D. Corbett, Inorg. Chem., 1991, 30, 431-435.
Th6Br15M, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, NaFe; Th6Br15H7 Nb6F15 structure (above). 2• F. Böttcher, A. Simon, R.K. Kremer, H. Buchkremer-Hermanns and J.K. Cockcroft, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1991, 589-599, 25-44; A. Simon, F. Böttcher and J.K. Cockcroft, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1991, 30, 101.
M(dcbpyH)3, dcbpy2- = 2,2’-bipyridyl-5,5’dicarboxylate, M = Co, Rh.6H2O H-bonds connect metal complexes. 2• P.G. Desmartin, A.F. Williams and G. Bernardinelli, New J. Chem., 1995, 19, 1109; C.J. Matthews, M.R.J. Elsegood, G. Bernardinelli, W. Clegg and A.F. Williams, Dalton Trans., 2004, 492-497.
Cd(mea)(daptn){Ni(CN)4}, mea = 2-Aminoethanol, daptn = 1,5-Diaminopentane   2• H. Yuge, S. Nishikiori and T. Iwamoto, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 1996, 52, 575.
Mn(N,N’-butylenebisimidazole)3(X)2, X = BF4, ClO4, ClO4/PF6,ClO4/AsF6   2• P.C.M. Duncan, D.M.L. Goodgame, S. Menzer and D.J. Williams, Chem. Commun., 1996, 2127; L. Ballester, I. Baxter, P.C.M. Duncan, D.M.L. Goodgame, D.A. Grachvogel and D.J. Williams, Polyhedron, 1998, 17, 3613-3623.
[Zn(H2O)4(bipy)][NO3]2.bipy M(bipy) chains connected by M-H2O-bipy-H2O-M links and M-H2O-(NO3)2-H2O-M links. 2• L. Carlucci, G. Ciani, D.M. Proserpio and A. Sironi, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1997, 1801-3.
β-Mn[Fe(CN)6] Based on powder XRD and density measurements. 2 W.E. Buschmann and J.S. Miller, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 1998, 1, 174-176.
M3Co(CN)6, M = Ag, H, H3Fe(CN)6   3• L. Pauling and P. Pauling, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1968, 60, 362-367; A. Ludi and H.U. Gudel, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1968, 51, 1762-1765; H.U. Gudel, A. Ludi and P. Fischer, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 674-675; H.U. Gudel, A. Ludi, P. Fischer and W. Halg, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 1917-1923; H.U. Gudel, A. Ludi and H. Burki, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1968, 51, 1383-1389; A. Ludi, H.U. Gudel and V. Dvorak, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1967, 50, 2035; R. Haser, C.E. de Broin and M. Pierrot, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1972, 28, 2530-2537.
Ag3CrxCo1-x(CN)6, x = 0.0001 - 1.0   3• A.D. Kirk, H.L. Schlafer and A. Ludi, Can. J. Chem., 1970, 48, 1065.
Rb[Cd{Ag(CN)2}3], K[Co{Au(CN)2}3], K[Cd{Au(CN)2}3], K[Cd{Ag(CN)2}3]   3• B.F. Hoskins, R. Robson and N.V.Y. Scarlett, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 2025-2026; S.C. Abrahams, J.L. Bernstein and R. Liminga, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 73, 4585-4590; B.F. Hoskins, R. Robson and N.V.Y. Scarlett, unpublished results.
K[Mn{Ag(CN)2}3]   3• U. Geiser and J.A. Schlueter, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 2003, 59, i21-i23.
K[Fe{Au(CN)2}3]   3 W. Dong, L.-N. Zhu, Y.-Q. Sun, M. Liang, Z.-Q. Liu, D.-Z. Liao, Z.-H. Jiang, S.-P. Yan and P. Cheng, Chem. Commun., 2003, 2544-2545.
K2[Na{Ag(CN)2}3]   3• M. Zabel, S. Kuhnel and K.-J. Range, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 1989, 45, 1619-1621.
Cd(pyz)(Ag2(CN)3)(Ag(CN)2)   3• T. Soma, H. Yuge and T. Iwamoto, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1994, 33, 1665.
Cu3(tpt)4(ClO4)3

A (3,4)-connected net, or α-Po arrangement of Cu6(tpt)46+ clusters.

2• B.F. Abrahams, S.R. Batten, H. Hamit, B. F. Hoskins and R. Robson, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1996, 35, 1690-2; Angew. Chem., 1996, 108, 1794-6.
Zn3(tpt)2(CN)3(NO3)3.G, G = guest molecules

A (3,4)-connected net, or α-Po arrangement of clusters.

2• S.R. Batten, B.F. Hoskins and R. Robson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 5385; S.R. Batten, B.F. Hoskins, R. Robson and D. Slizys, unpublished results.
β-Hydroquinone Clathrates also; H-bonding. Can be related to α-Po. 2• D.E. Palin and H.M. Powell, J. Chem. Soc., 1947, 208; H.M. Powell in Non-Stoichiometric Compounds, ed. L. Mandelcorn, Academic Press, New York, 1964, Ch. 7, 438; D.D. MacNicol in Inclusion Compounds, eds. J.L. Atwood, J.E.D. Davies and D.D. MacNicol, Academic Press, London, 1984, vol. 2, Ch. 1, and references therein; T.C.W. Mak, J.S. Tse, C.-S. Tse, K.-S. Lee and Y.-H. Chong, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1976, 1169; J.C.A. Boeyens and J.A. Pretorius, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1977, 33, 2120; T.C. Mak and K.-A. Lee, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1978, 34, 3631; H.M. Powell, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 300.
Ice VI Related to α-Po - actually a 4-connected net. Same as Edingtonite Edingtonite (edi) net. (42.84)(43.83)4 2• B. Kamb, Science, 1965, 150, 205-209; W.F. Kuhs, J.L. Finney, C. Vettier and D.V. Bliss, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 81, 3612-3623.
(Me3Sn)3Rh(SCN)6 Oct. Rh bridged by Me3Sn(SCN)2 bridges. 2• E. Siebel and R.D. Fischer, Chem. Eur. J., 1997, 3, 1987-1991.
Zn(bib)3(BF4)2 and Co(bib)3(NO3)2, bib = bis(imidazole)butyne   3 B.F. Abrahams, B.F. Hoskins, R. Robson and D.A. Slizys, CrystEngComm, 2002, 4, 478-482.
Cd(bix)3(An)3, An = ClO4, NO3 bix = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)butyne   3 B.F. Abrahams, B.F. Hoskins, R. Robson and D.A. Slizys, CrystEngComm, 2002, 4, 478-482.
Ag(tcm)(bpe) Weak interactions within the frameworks. Related to α-Po, with Ag2 dimers as nodes. 2 B.F. Abrahams, S.R. Batten, B.F. Hoskins and R. Robson, Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42, 2654-2664.
M5H(CN2)3, M = Na, K M = K, Na isomorphous. 2 M. Becker and M. Jansen, J. Chem. Research (S), 1998, 86-87; M. Becker, M. Jansen, A. Lieb, W. Milius and W. Schnick, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1998, 624, 113-118.
[Ln(ntb)2](ClO4)3.3bipy.nH2O, Ln = Eu (n = 2), Tb (n = 1), Nd (n = 2), [Nd(ntb)2](ClO4)3.3bpe.H2O, ntb = tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine Nets generated by H-bonding between [Ln(ntb)2]3+ and bipy's or bpe’s. 2 C.-Y. Su, B.-S. Kang, H.-Q. Liu, Q.-G. Wang and T.C.W. Mak, Chem. Commun., 1998, 1551-2; C.-Y. Su, B.-S. Kang, Q.-C. Yang and T.C.W. Mak, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 1857-1862.
[CuCN.Me3SnCN.0.5bipy] Also deposited with CSD 'new compounds of relevence to (this compound)': Et3SnCN.CuCN.bipy (No. 407 643), Me3SnCN.CuCN.pyz (No. 407 644), and Me3SnCN.CuCN. pym (No. 407 656). 2 A.M.A. Ibrahim, E. Siebel and R.D. Fischer, Inorg. Chem., 1998, 37, 3521-3525.
α-M(dca)2(pyz), MII = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn   2 P. Jensen, S.R. Batten, G.D. Fallon, D.C.R. Hockless, B. Moubaraki, K.S. Murray and R. Robson, J. Solid State Chem., 1999, 145, 387-393; P. Jensen, S.R. Batten, B. Moubaraki, and K.S. Murray, J. Solid State Chem., 2001, 159, 352-361; J.L. Manson, C.D. Incarvito, A.L. Rheingold and J.S. Miller, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1998, 3705-3706; J.L. Manson, Q. Huang, J.W. Lynn, H-J. Koo, M-H. Whangbo, R. Bateman, T. Otsuka, N. Wada, D.N. Argyriou and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 162-172; C.M. Brown and J.L. Manson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124, 12600-12605.
M(dca)2(bipy), M = Fe, Co, Ni   2 P. Jensen, S.R. Batten, B. Moubaraki, and K.S. Murray, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2002, 3712-3722; B.-W. Sun, S. Gao, B.-Q. Ma and Z.-M. Wang, New. J. Chem., 2000, 24, 953-954; S. Martin, M.G. Barandika, J.M. Ezpeleta, R. Cortes, J.I.R. de Larramendi, L. Lezama and T. Rojo, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2002, 4275-4280.
Cu(dca)2(bpe)2, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, dca = dicyanamide One briding dca and one uncoordinated dca. 2 S. Dalai, P.S. Mukherjee, J. Ribas, C. Diaz, E. Zangrando and N.R. Chaudhuri, Ind. J. Chem., 2003, 42A, 2250-2255.
M(dca)2(bipy)(H2O).0.5MeOH, M = Mn, Fe, Co 1D tubes - H-bonding links tubes into 2 separate α-Po like nets. 2 P. Jensen, S.R. Batten, B. Moubaraki and K.S. Murray, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2002, 3712-3722; see also J.L. Manson, C.D. Incarvito, A.M. Arif, A.L. Rheingold, and J.S. Miller, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1999, 334, 605-613; J.L. Manson, A.M. Arif, C.D. Incarvito, L.M. Liable-Sands, A.L. Rheingold and J.S. Miller, J. Solid State Chem., 1999, 145, 369-378; S. Martin, M.G. Barandika, J.M. Ezpeleta, R. Cortes, J.I.R. de Larramendi, L. Lezama and T. Rojo, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2002, 4275-4280.
Fe(dca)2(bipy)(H2O)2.bipy H-bonded nets. 2 P. Jensen, S.R. Batten, B. Moubaraki and K.S. Murray, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2002, 3712-3722.
Cu(pyz)[Au(CN)2]2

Two α-Po networks if long Cu-N interactions (2.4 Å) taken into account (not by authors)!

2 W.-F. Yeung, W.-T. Wong, J.-L. Zuo and T.-C. Lau, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 629-631.
M(pyz)[Au(CN)2]2, M = Co, Ni, Cu Only Cu structure done. 2 D.B. Leznoff, B-Y. Xue, C.L. Stevens, A. Storr, R.C. Thompson and B.O. Patrick, Polyhedron, 2001, 20, 1247-1254.
Fe(pyz)[Ag(CN)2]2.pyz, pyz = pyrazine   2 V. Niel, M.C. Munoz, A.B. Gaspar, A. Galet, G. Levchenko and J.A. Real, Chem. Eur. J., 2002, 8, 2446-2453.
[H6Mn3V18O42(H2O)12(VO4)].30H2O, Li6[Fe3V18O42(H2O)12(VO4)].24H2O, Li6[M3V18O42(H2O)12(XO4)].24H2O (M = Cd, Mn), (N2H5)2[M3V18O42(H2O)12(XO4)].24H2O (M = Mg, Ca), [M3V18O42(H2O)12(XO4)].24H2O (M = Fe, Co), X = V/S, Li6[Ni3V18O42(H2O)12(SO4)].24H2O V18O42(XO4) clusters bridged by M(H2O)4 units. 2 M.I. Khan, E. Yohannes and R.J. Doedens, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1999, 38, 1292-1294; Angew. Chem., 1999, 111, 1374-1376; M.I. Khan, J. Solid State Chem., 2000, 152, 105-112; M.I. Khan, E. Yohannes and D. Powell, Inorg. Chem., 1999, 38, 212-213; M.I. Khan, E. Yohannes, R.J. Doedens, S. Tabussum, S. Cevik, L. Manno and D. Powell, Cryst. Eng., 1999, 2, 171-179; R.J. Doedens, E. Yohannes and M.I. Khan, Chem. Commun., 2002, 62-63.
Tb2(ADB)3(Me2SO)4.16Me2SO, ADB = 4,4’-azodibenzoate, C12H8N2(CO2)2 Octahedral nodes are Tb2C6O12 dimers. 2 T.M. Reineke, M. Eddaoudi, D. Moler, M. O'Keeffe and O.M. Yaghi, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 4843-4844.
Zn4O(L)3, L = various bridging linear dicarboxylates Both single networks and doubly interpenetrating α-Po nets found. 2 M. Eddaoudi, J. Kim, N. Rosi, D. Vodak, J. Wachter, M. O'Keeffe and O.M. Yaghi, Science, 2002, 295, 469-472.
[Mn(bpe)(H2O)4](ClO4)2(bpe)4, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane Nets involving both coord. bonding and H-bonding b/w bpe and H2O — one link is a ‘triple’ link. The mode of intptn is unprecedented. Picture 2 C.S. Hong, S.-K. Son, Y.S. Lee, M.-J. Jun and Y. Do, Inorg. Chem., 1999, 38, 5602-5610.
Zn4(OH)2(fa)3(4,4’-bipy)2, fa = fumarate Zn4(μ3-OH)2 nodes. 2 J. Tao, M.-L. Tong, J.-X. Shi, X.-M. Chen and S. Weng Ng, Chem. Commun., 2000, 2043-2044.
M(tp)(bipy), M = Co, Cd, Zn, tp = terephthalate Binuclear nodes with slightly different bonding within nodes in each structure. 2 J. Tao, M-L. Tong and X.-M. Chen, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 3669-3674.
Cd(tp)(bipy), tp = terephthalate, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine M3(O2CR)4 nodes (different to above structure). 2 J.C. Dai, X.-T. Wu, S.-M. Hu, Z.-Y. Fu, J.-J. Zhang, W.-X. Du, H.-H. Zhang and R.-Q. Sun, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2004, 2096-2106.
Cu2(tp)4(bipy), tp = terephthalate Cu2(OAc)4 - like nodes; structure proposed based on models which apparently fit the PXRD well. Proposed structure different to those above. 2 K. Seki, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2002, 4, 1968-1972; ; R. Kitaura, K. Seki, G. Akiyama and S. Kitagawa, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2003, 42, 428-431.
[NiL2(H2O)2](NO3)2•C6H6•5MeOH, L = 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene Nets constructed from (4,4) sheet cross-linked by M-OH2(NO3)2(MeOH)2H2O-M H-bonded rings. 2 K. Biradha and M. Fujita, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2000, 3805-3810.
M(tpyp).solv (M = Zn, solv = MeOH.H2O or H2O; M = Co, solv = 2CH3CO2H.2H2O; M = Mn, solv = 10H2O; M = Mn, solv = 2EtOH.4H2O), tpyp = tetrapyridylporphyrin Some of the nodes are 6-membered H2O H-bonded rings which are H-bonded to free pyridyl rings. 2 H. Krupitsky, Z. Stein, I. Goldberg and C.E. Strouse, J. Incl. Phenom., 1994, 18, 177-192; K.-J. Lin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1999, 38, 2730-2732; Angew. Chem., 1999, 111, 2894-2897.
AgTe3 Two α-Po nets, but only if use Ag-Te connections (3.02, 3.08 Å), and ignore Te-Te connections (3.05 vs. 3.02 Å in Te metal). 2 K.J. Range, M. Zabel, F. Rau, F. von Krziwanek and B. Panzer, Angew. Chem., 1982, 94, 717-718.
Tl3VS4, Tl3TaS4, Tl3TaSe4, K3SbS4, Na3SbS4, Na3SbSe4, K2BaSnTe4 With A, M and S as 4-connecting nodes, then topology is that of Sulvanite (Cu3VS4), trinodal (42.84)3(43.63)4(44) (jsa). With A3BX4 cages as nodes, then α-Po. 2 M. Vlasse and L. Fournes, C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. C, 1978, 287, 47-49; C. Crevecoeur, Acta Crystallogr., 1964, 17, 757; H. Graf and H. Schaefer, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1976, 425, 67-80; B. Eisenmann and R. Zagler, Z. Naturforsch., Teil B, 1989, 44, 249-256; J. Li, H.-Y. Guo, D.M. Proserpio and A. Sironi, J. Solid State Chem., 1995, 117, 247-255.
M(btzb)3(An)2, M = Fe, Ni, Cu, btzb = 1,4-bis(tetrazol-1-yl)butane, An = ClO4, PF6 First paper tentatively says 2 nets, based on poorly resolved solution; later corrected to 3. 3 P.J. van Koningsbruggen, Y. Garcia, H. Kooijman, A.L. Spek, J.G. Haasnoot, O. Kahn, J. Linares, E. Codjovi and F. Varret, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2001, 466-471; P.J. van Koningsbruggen, M. Grunert and P. Weinberger, Monatsh. fur Chemie, 2003, 134, 183-198; C.M. Grunert, J. Schweifer, P. Weinberger, W. Linert, K. Mereiter, G. Hilscher, M. Muller, G. Wiesinger and P.J. van Koningsbruggen, Inorg. Chem., 2004, 43, 155-165.
W(OPhOH)6.2(1,2-di-4-pyridylethane) H-bonded nets; looks like α-Po. 2 T.P. Vaid, O.L. Sydora, R.E. Douthwaite, P.T. Wolczanski and E.B. Lobkovsky, Chem. Commun., 2001, 1300-1301.
W(OPhOH)6.3(1,2-di-4-pyridylethane).THF H-bonded nets; looks like α-Po. 3 T.P. Vaid, O.L. Sydora, R.E. Douthwaite, P.T. Wolczanski and E.B. Lobkovsky, Chem. Commun., 2001, 1300-1301.
M(NO3)2(H2O)4.2L, M = Co, Ni, L = 4,4'-bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide H-bonded nets; octahedral 'nodes' consist of a {M(H2O)2}2L4 cluster with the same topology as that seen in Cu3tpt4 (see above). 2 A.J. Blake, M.T. Brett, N.R. Champness, A.N. Khlobystov, D.-L. Long, C. Wilson and M. Schroder, Chem. Commun., 2001, 2258-9.
Co(bipy)2Cr2O7   2 Y. Hayashi, T. Tagami, H. Mano and A. Uehara, Chem. Lett., 2001, 562-3.
(ZnTCPP){1,2-bis(4,4'-bipyridinio)ethane-dibenzo-24-crown-8} .4H2O, TCPP = tetrakis(carbosyphenyl)porphyrin α-Po nets, with H-bonding. 2 Y. Diskin-Posner, G.K. Patra and I. Goldberg, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2001, 2515-2523.
[Fe(bte)2(BF4)2], bte = 1,2-bis-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-ethane   2 J.A. Kolnaar, Ph.D. thesis, Leiden University, Leiden, 1998, mentioned in J.G. Haasnoot, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2000, 200-202, 131-185.
NavHw[Mo12O46(C6H4As-4-COOH)4].xH2O H-bonding gives two parallel interpenetrating (4,4) nets of clusters; clusters then linked by O-Na-O bridges to adjoining layers to give two intptng 3D nets with 6-connected clusters. If α-Po, then a new mode of intptn. 2 B.J.S. Johnson, R.C. Schroden, C. Zhu and A. Stein, Inorg. Chem., 2001, 40, 5972-5978.
[Cu2L2(bipy)].0.5H2O, L = fumarate Cu2 nodes. 2 S. Dalai, P.S. Mukherjee, E. Zangrando, F. Lloret and N.R. Chaudhuri, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2002, 822-3.
LnL3(ClO4)3.H2O, Ln = Er, Yb, L = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane-N,N'-dioxide H-bonding between nets. 2 W.-J. Lu, L.-P. Zhang, H.-B. Song, Q.-M. Wang and T.C.W. Mak, New J. Chem., 2002, 26, 775-781.
Zn8(XO4)(L)6, X = Si, Ge, L = terephthalate dianion Zn8(XO4) nodes linked by double terephthalate bridges into α-Po nets. 2 S.Y. Yang, L.S. Long, Y.B. Jiang, R.B. Huang and L.S. Zheng, Chem. Mater., 2002, 14, 3229-3231; J. Chen, Z. Liu, T. Yu, Z. Chen, J. Sun, L. Weng, B. Tu and D. Zhao, Chem. Lett., 2003, 32, 474-475.
M(adipate)(L), M = Co, Mn, L = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene Nodes are M2 dimers. 2 J.-H. Liao, S.-H. Cheng, H.-L. Tsai and C.-I Yang, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2002, 338, 1-6; P.S. Mukherjee, S. Konar, E. Zangrando, T. Mallah, J. Ribas and N.R. Chaudhuri, Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42, 2695-2703.
M(adipate)(bipy), M = Mn, Zn, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine Normal mode of interpenetration, with M2(O2CR)2 nodes. 2 Y.-Q. Zheng, J.-L. Lin and Z.-P. Kong, Inorg. Chem., 2004, 43, 2590-2596; Y.-Q. Zheng and E.-B. Ying, Polyhedron, 2005, 24, 397-406.
Cd(succinate)(bipy).1/4H2O, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine Normal mode of interpenetration, with M2(O2CR)2 nodes. 2 J. Zhang, Z.-J. Li, Y.-H. Wen, Y. Kang, J.-K. Cheng and Y.-G. Yao, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 2004, 630, 2731-2735.
Co(L1)(L2), L1 = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, L2 = terephthalate Normal mode of interpenetration, with Co2(O2CR)2 nodes. 2 Z.-Y. Fu, X.-T. Wu, J.-C. Dai, S.-M. Hu, W.-X. Du, H.-H. Zhang and R.-Q. Sun, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2002, 2730-2735.
Cd2(C4H4O4)2(C4N2H8)(H2O)3   2 R. Vaidhyanathan, S. Natarajan and C.N.R. Rao, Inorg. Chem., 2002, 41, 5226-5234.
Na3Cd5(C4H4O4)6X, X = Cl, Br Clusters as nodes. 2 R. Vaidhyanathan, S. Natarajan and C.N.R. Rao, Cryst. Growth Des., 2003, 3, 47-51.
[M(H2O)4]3[W6S8(CN)6].ca.23H2O, M = Mn, Fe, Co Clusters as nodes. 2 S. Jin and F.J. DiSalvo, Chem. Mater., 2002, 14, 3448-3457.
[Ru2(O2CMe)4]3[M(CN)6], M = Cr, Fe, Co M nodes and Ru2 links, proposed on the basis of powder diffraction indexing only. 2 Y. Liao, W.W. Shum and J.S. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124, 9336-9337.
Cu2(4-pya)3, 4-pya = 4-pyridinecarboxylate Cu2 dimers as nodes. 2 M.-L. Tong, L.-J. Li, K. Mochizuki, H.-C. Chang, X.-M. Chen, Y. Li and S. Kitagawa, Chem. Commun., 2003, 428-429.
Cd(bpe)2(ClO4)2, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane   3 M.J. Plater, M.R.St.J. Foreman and J.M.S. Skakle, Cryst. Eng., 2001, 4, 293.
(Me3Sn)4Fe(CN)6.2H2O.C4H8O2 Nets defined by both coordination and hydrogen bonding. 2 M. Adam, A.K. Brimah, R.D. Fischer and L. Xing-Fu, Inorg. Chem., 1990, 29, 1595-1597.
C(C6H4OH)4 H-bonded nets. 2 J.-H. Fournier, T. Maris, M. Simard and J.D. Wuest, Cryst. Growth Des., 2003, 3, 535-540.
[Zn(p-CO2)P2Mes2P]3Zn4O, (p-CO2)P2Mes2P = 5,15-di(p-carboxyphenyl)-10,20-di(2',4',6'-trimethylphenyl)porphyrinate(-2) Zn4O clusters as nodes. 2 D.W. Smithenry, S.R. Wilson and K.S. Suslick, Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42, 7719-7721.
M3(2,6-NDC)2(bipy)1.5, M = Ni, Co, 2,6-NDC = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate   3 S.W. Lee, H.J. Kim, Y.K. Lee, K. Park, J.-H. Son and Y.-U. Kwon, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2003, 353, 151-158.
[Co(H2O)2(bipy)2](NO3)2.2bipy.2H2O Nets defined by combination of coordinate, hydrogen-bonding and π-π stacking interactions. 2 M. Felloni, A.J. Blake, N.R. Champness, P. Hubberstey, C. Wilson and M. Schroder, J. Supramol. Chem., 2002, 2, 163-174.
M2(bpda)2(dpe), bpda = 1,1'-biphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate, bpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, M = Cd, Co.solv M2(O2CR)4 dimers as nodes. 3 R. Wang, M. Hong, D. Yuan, Y. Sun, L. Xu, J. Luo, R. Cao and A.S.C. Chan, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2004, 37-43; E.-Y. Choi, K. Park, C.-M. Yang, H. Kim, J.-H. Son, S.W. Lee, Y.H. Lee, D. Min and Y.-U. Kwon, Chem. Eur. J., 2004, 10, 5535-5540.
[ML3(H2O)(OTf)][Cl][OTf]7, M = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb Ligands are [2]pseudorotaxanes with dipyridinium N-oxide axles and dibenzo-[24]crown ether wheels. 2 D.J. Hoffart and S.J. Loeb, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2005, 44, 901-904.
[Zn4O(L1)3(dmf)2].4DMF.3MeOH.2H2O and [Zn4O(L2)3].5DMF.5EtOH.H2O, H2L1 = 6,6'-dichloro-2,2'-diethoxy-1,1'-binaphthyl-4,4'-dibenzoic acid, H2L2 = 6,6'-dichloro-2,2'-dibenzyloxy-1,1'-binaphthyl-4,4'-dibenzoic acid Nodes are Zn4(μ-O) clusters. 4 B. Kesanli, Y. Cui, M.R. Smith, E.W. Bittner, B.C. Bockrath and W. Lin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2005, 44, 72-75.
Pb(bpno)(NO3)2.H2O, bpno = 4,4'-bipyridine N,N'-dioxide 4,4 sheets crosslinked by weak Pb-O interactions. 2 Y. Xu, D. Yuan, L. Han, E. Ma, M. Wu, Z. Lin and M. Hong, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2005, 2054-2059.
Cd2(bipy)(3,3'-bpda)2, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, 3,3'-bpda = 1,1'-biphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate Cd2(O2CR)2 nodes. 3 R. Wang, L. Han, F. Jiang, Y. Zhou, D. Yuan and M. Hong, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 129-135.
Mn(phth)(bipy), phth = p-phthalate, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine M2(O2CR)2 nodes. 2 C. Ma, C. Chen, Q. Liu, D. Liao, L. Li and L. Sun, New J. Chem., 2003, 27, 890-894.
Cu(bbtz)3(ClO4)2.2EtOH, bbtz = 1,4-di(1,2,3,4-tetrazol-2-yl)butane   2 R. Bronisz, Inorg. Chem. Acta, 2004, 357, 396-404.
Zn2(1,4-bdc)2(bipy), 1,4-bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine M2(O2CR)2 nodes. 2 H. Chun, D.N. Dybstev, H. Kim and K. Kim, Chem. Eur. J., 2005, 11, 3521-3529.
Zn2(2,6-ndc)2(bipy), 2,6-ndc = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine M2(O2CR)2 nodes. 3 H. Chun, D.N. Dybstev, H. Kim and K. Kim, Chem. Eur. J., 2005, 11, 3521-3529.
Cd(bte)3(NO3)2, bte = 1,2-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethane   2 B. Li, X. Zhu, J. Zhou, Y. Peng and Y. Zhang, Polyhedron,, 2004, 23, 3133-3141.
Cu(dpe)(dpa), dpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, H2dpa = diphenic acid   2 R. Wang, Y. Zhou, Y. Sun, D. Yuan, L. Han, B. Lou, B. Wu and M. Hong, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 251-256.
Co(adipate)(bipy), bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine M2(O2CR)2 nodes. 2 N. Hao, E. Shen, Y. Li, E. Wang, C. Hu and L. Xu, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2004, 7, 510-512.
Cu(imidazole)2(HL)2, H2L = adipic acid H-bonded nets. 2 E.-B. Ying, Y.-Q. Zheng and H.-J. Zhang, J. Mol. Struct., 2004, 693, 73-80.
ScL3(An)3, L = 4,4'-bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide, An = ClO4, NO3   2 D.-L. Long, R.J. Hill, A.J. Blake, N.R. Champness, P. Hubberstey, C. Wilson and M. Schroder, Chem. Eur. J., 2005, 11, 1384-1391.
Cd2(isonic)4(bpe)(H2O)2, isonic = isonicotinate, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene   3 J.-H. Liao and C.-D. Ho, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. E, 2004, 60, m156-m158.
Zn2L2L'.solvent, H2L = fumaric acid, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, L' = 4,4'-bipyridine, N, N'-di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide   2 B.-Q. Ma, K.L. Mulfort and J.T. Hupp, Inorg. Chem., 2005, 44, 4912-4914.
2,2',6,6'-tetramethyl-4,4'-terphenyldiol H-bonded nets. 4 S. Aitipamula and A. Nangia, Chem. Commun., 2005, 3159-3161.
Cu(hfipbb)(H2hfipbb)0.5, H2hfibpp = 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-bis(benzoic acid)   2 L. Pan, M.B. Sander, X. Huang, J. Li, M. Smith, E. Bittner, B. Bockrath and J.K. Johnson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 1308-1309.
Zn(bim)3(NO3)2.4H2O, bim = 1,2-bis(imidazol-1-yl)ethane   2 B.-L. Li, X. Zhu, J.-H. Zhou and Y. Zhang, J. Coord. Chem., 2005, 58, 271-278.
M(Cr2O7)(4,4'-bipyridine)2, M = Ni, Cu   2 A.L. Kopf, P.A. Maggard, C.L. Stern and K.R. Poeppelmeier, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 2005, 61, m165-m168.
Ni3(oba)2(bpy)2(Hoba)2(H2O)2 .bpy.2H2O, oba = 4,4'-oxybis(benzoate), bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine Heavily interdigitated (4,4) sheets with arms projecting above and below. Each sheet penetrated by arms from four others, however if hydrogen bonds between dangling arms and coordinated water ligands are taken into account, then three interpenetrating α-Po nets are formed. 3 X.-L. Wang, C. Qin, E.-B. Wang, Y.-G. Li, Z.-M. Su, L. Xu and L. Carlucci, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2005, 44, 5824-5827.
1,4-bis(dibromomethylidene) cyclohexane Nets defined by Br...Br and Br...pi interactions. 2 P.G. Jones, J. Kampen, P. Bubenitschek and H. Hopf, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. E, 2005, 61, o2179-o2180.
Cd(bimb)2Cl2, bimb = 4,4'-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)biphenyl (4,4) coordination polymers sheets linked by C-H...Cl interactions. 2 W. Zhao, H.-F. Zhu, T.-A. Okamura, W.-Y. Sun and N. Ueyama, Supramol. Chem., 2003, 15, 345-352.
Ln(INO)(H2O)SO4, Ln = Nd, Sm. Eu, Gd, Tb, HINO = isonicotinic acid, Ln2O2 nodes. 2 Z. He, E.-Q. Gao, Z.-M. Wang, C.-H. Yan and M. Kurmoo, Inorg. Chem., 2005, 44, 862-874; Z. he, Z.-M. Wang and C.-H. Yan, CrystEngComm, 2005, 7, 143-150.
Cu3(CN)(IN)2, IN = isonicotinate Four interpenetrating diamond nets if Cu...Cu interactions (2.698 Å) are ignored. If not, then two α-Po nets with Cu2 moieties as nodes. 2 Y. Kang, Y.-G. Yao, Y.-Y. Qin, J. Zhang, Y.-B. Chen, Z.-J. Li, Y.-H. Wen, J.-K. Cheng and R.-F. Hu, Chem. Commun., 2004, 1046-1047.
Zn4(OH)2(bdc)3(dmso)4 .2H2O, bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate Nodes are Zn4O2 clusters. 2 R. Wang, M. Hong, Y. Liang and R. Cao, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. E, 2001, 57, m277-m279.
K[CdL3], L = 1,3-bis(4-nitrophenyl)triazenido Cd and K nodes. 2 M. Horner, V.S. Carratu, R. Herbst-Irmer, C.M. Mossmer and J. Strahle, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 2003, 629, 219-222.
Ti2L3(i-propoxy)2(i-propanol)2, H2L = 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl Ti2 dimer nodes. 2 J.M. Tanski, E.B. Lobkovsky and P. Wolczanski, J. Solid State Chem., 2000, 152, 130-140.
Cu(dca)2(cypy)2, dca = dicyanamide, cypy = 3- or 4-cyanopyridine 1D chains crosslinked by weak C-H...N interactions. If Cu(cypy)2 moieties treated as nodes, then α-Po. If Cu and cypy considered separate nodes, then 3,6-connected nets. In the 3-cypy structure nets are crosslinked by weaker C-H...N interactions. 2 M. Du, X.-J. Zhao, S.R. Batten and J. Ribas, Cryst. Growth Des., 2005, 5, 901-909.
α-Ag3BO3 With B, O nodes, topology is 3-connected (10,3)-a net; if BO3 units nodes, the α-Po. 2 M. Jansen and W. Scheld, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1981, 477, 85-89.
β-Ag3BO3 With B, O nodes, topology is 3-connected binodal (10,3) net; if BO3 units nodes, the α-Po. 2 M. Jansen and G. Brachtel, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1982, 489, 42-46.
Li9B19S33 Nodes are B/S clusters. 2 F. Hiltmann, P. zum Hebel, A. Hammerschmidt and B. Krebs, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1993, 619, 293-302.
[M(H2O)4]3(W6S8(CN)6)(H2O)x, M = Co, Fe, Mn, x = 23.13, 24.62, 23.4 W6S8 clusters as nodes. 2 S. Jin and F.J. Disalvo, J. Biochem., 2002, 14, 3448-3457
Ln2O3, Ln = La, Nd   2 P. Aldebert and J.P. Traversse, Mater. Res. Bull., 1979, 14, 303-323.
Fe(OH)Te2O5 (Mackayite) Fe2Te4O4 nodes. 2 F. Pertlik and A. Gieren, Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Monatsch., 1977, 145-154; F. Pertlik, Anz. Oesterr. Akad. Wiss. Math.: Naturwiss. K1, 1968, 105, 332-333; F. Pertlik, Tschermaks Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 1969, 13, 219-232.
Hg3CdCl2(SCN)6   2 A. Mosset, M. Bagieu-Beucher, A. Lecchi, R. Masse and J. Zaccaro, Solid State Sci., 2002, 4, 827-834.
(NH4)6(MMo9O32)(H2O)6, M = Mn, Ni Clusters as nodes; H-bonded nets. 2 H. Stratemeier, M.A. Hitchman, D.L. Kepert, B.W. Skelton, K.E. Sugars and A.H. White, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1992, 3035-3039; T.J. Weakley, Acta Crystallogr., 1987, 43, 2221-2222.
LiNa2H[Al(PO4)2(OH)] (tancoite) H-bonded nets. 2 F.C. Hawthorne, Tschermaks Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 1983, 31, 121-135.

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